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initial phase : brown, side - yellow and red stripe
terminal phase : blue and red + yellow bar
Dorsal rays VIII, 13; anal rays III,11; pectoral rays 15; lateral line with 26-27 pored scales; head scaleless; each jaw with one pair of canine teeth anteriorly followed by progressively shorter conical teeth; no canine at rear of jaw.
Initial phase with pair of bright yellow stripes bordering broad dark brown to greenish area from snout and encompassing most of upper side; terminal phase mainly blue except for broad yellow saddle-like marking just behind head.
Maximum size to 15 cm.
Forms aggregations that feed on plankton around rocky and coral reefs, also feeds on benthic crustaceans, and fish eggs; the young sometimes "clean" parasites from other fishes.
Depth: 0-64 m.
Central Baja and the Central Gulf of California to central Peru, plus all the offshore islands except Clipperton.
Attributes Abundance: Common. Cites: Not listed. Climate Zone: North Temperate (Californian Province &/or Northern Gulf of California); Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap); Northern Tropical (Mexican Province to Nicaragua + Revillagigedos); Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo). Depth Range Max: 64 m. Depth Range Min: 0 m. Diet: mobile benthic crustacea (shrimps/crabs); sea-stars/cucumbers/urchins; mobile benthic worms; zooplankton; mobile benthic gastropods/bivalves; pelagic fish eggs; ectoparasites. Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=30; Southern limit=-13; Western limit=-115; Eastern limit=-77; Latitudinal range=43; Longitudinal range=38. Egg Type: Pelagic; Pelagic larva. Feeding Group: Carnivore; Planktivore. FishBase Habitat: Reef Associated. Global Endemism: Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) endemic; East Pacific endemic; All species. Habitat: Corals; Reef associated (reef + edges-water column & soft bottom); Rocks; Reef (rock &/or coral); Reef only. Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Inshore Only. IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed. Length Max: 15 cm. Regional Endemism: Island (s); Continent; Continent + Island (s); TEP endemic; All species. Residency: Resident. Salinity: Marine; Marine Only. Water Column Position: Bottom; Mid Water; Near Bottom; Bottom + water column;
Aburto-Oropeza , O. and Balart, E. F., 2001., Community structure of reef fish in several habitats of a rocky reef in the Gulf of California., Marine Ecology, 22:283-305.
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Almenara Roldán, S. C., 2000., Demanda internacional en el manejo de especies marinas de ornato. En Aburto Oropeza, O. y C. A. Sánchez Ortiz (Eds.). Recursos arrecifales del Golfo de California, estrategias de manejo para las especies marinas de ornato., Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur:30-38.
Baldwin , C. C. and McCosker, J. E., 2001., Wrasses of the Galápagos Islands, with the description of a new deepwater species of Halichoeres (Perciformes: Labridae)., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 49(Supplement 1):89-100.
Breder, C.M. Jr., 1936., Scientific results of the second oceanographic expedition of the "Pawnee" 1926. Heterosomata to Pediculati from Panama to Lower California., Bull. Bingham Oceanogr. Collect. Yale Univ., 2(3):1-56.
Bussing, W.A., 1987., Los peces de la familia Labridae de la Costa Pacífica de Costa Rica., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 33:81-98.
Béarez, P., 1996., Lista de los Peces Marinos del Ecuador Continental., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 44:731-741.
Castro-Aguirre, J.L. and Balart, E.F., 2002., La ictiofauna de las islas Revillagigedos y sus relaciones zoogeograficas, con comentarios acerca de su origen y evolucion. En: Lozano-Vilano, M. L. (Ed.). Libro Jubilar en Honor al Dr. Salvador Contreras Balderas., Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León:153-170.
Cuesta, T.C., 1932., Lista de los peces de las costas de la Baja California., Inst. Biol. Mexico, Anal, 3(1):75-80.
Edgar, G.J. Banks, S., Fariña, J.M., Calvopiña, M. and Martínez, C., 2004., Regional biogeography of shallow reef fish and macro-invertebrate communities in the Galapagos archipelago., Journal of Biogeography, 31:1107-1124.
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Fischer , W. , Krup , F. , Schneider , W. , Sommer , C. , Carpenter , K. E. and Niem, V. H., 1995., Guia FAO para la Identificacion de Especies de para los fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. Volumen III. Vertebrados - Parte 2., FAO3:1201-1813.
Fowler, H.W., 1944., Results of the Fifth George Vanderbilt Expedition (1941) (Bahamas, Caribbean sea, Panama, Galapagos Archipelago and Mexican Pacific Islands). The Fishes., Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadel., Monographs, 6:57-529.
Galván-Magaña, F., Abitia-Cárdenas, L.A., Rodríguez-Romero, J., Pérez-España, H., Chávez-Ramos, H., 1996., Systematics list of the fishes from Cerralvo island, Baja California Sur, Mexico., Ciencias Marinas, 22:295-311.
Galván-Magaña, F., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, F., Abitia-Cárdenas, L.A., Rodríguez-Romero, J., 2000., The distribution and affinities of the shore fishes of the Baja California Sur lagoons. In Aquatic Ecosystems of Mexico: Status and Scope. Eds. M. Manuwar, S.G. Lawrence, I.F. Manuwar & D.F. Malley. Ecovision World Monograph Series., Backhuys Publishers:383-398.
Gill, T.N., 1862., Catalogue of the fishes of Lower California in the Smithsonian Institution, collected by Mr. J. Xantus. Part 1., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 14:140-151.
Gotshall, D.W., 1996., Fishes of Rocas Alijos. In Rocas Alijos. Ed. R. W. Schmieder. Cornell Expeditions., Kluwer Academic Publishers: 347-354.
Humann, P., 1993., Reef Fish Identification: Galapagos., New World Publishing:192pp.
Jimenez-Prado, P., Béarez, P., 2004., Peces marinos del Ecuador continental / Marine fishes of continental Ecuador., SIMBIOE/NAZCA/IFEA tomo 1 y 2.
Jordan , D.S. and Gilbert, C.H., 1883., Catalogue of the fishes collected by Mr. John Xantus at Cape San Lucas, which are now in the United States National Museum, with descriptions of eight new species., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5(1882):353-371.
Jordan, D.S., 1895., The fishes of Sinaloa., Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 2), 5:377-514.
Kendall , W.C. and Radcliffe, L., 1912., The shore fishes. Reports on the scientific results of the expedition to the eastern tropical Pacific, ... by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer ALBATROSS, from October, 1904, to March, 1905, Lieut. Commander L.M. Garret, U.S.N., Commanding. XXV., Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., 35(3):75-171.
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Teleostei (teleosts) >
Eupercaria/misc
(Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Labridae
(Wrasses) > Corinae
Etymology:
Thalassoma:
Greek, thalassa = the sea + Greek, soma = body; the colour of the sea (Ref.
45335
)
.
More on author:
Gill
.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; reef-associated; depth range 0 - 64 m (Ref.
9311
), usually 2 - 25 m (Ref.
27115
). Tropical; 20°C - 24°C (Ref.
27115
); 33°N - 19°S, 114°W - 70°W
Gomon, M.F.
, 1995. Labridae. Viejas, doncellasas, señoritas. p. 1201-1225. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref.
9311
)
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 21.4 - 28.7, mean 26.4 °C (based on 52 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00813 (0.00452 - 0.01462), b=3.00 (2.85 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 3.5 ±0.41 se; based on food items.
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155
): Calcium = 82.4 [49.9, 139.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.718 [0.424, 1.314] mg/100g; Protein = 18.4 [15.6, 20.6] %; Omega3 = 0.17 [0.11, 0.26] g/100g; Selenium = 27.5 [16.5, 48.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 142 [44, 530] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.67 [1.15, 2.59] mg/100g (wet weight);
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