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Thalassoma purpureum (Forsskål, 1775)
SURGE WRASSE
Green-blocked Wrasse; Red And Green Wrasse; Scarus purpureus Forsskål, 1775

Life   Vertebrata   Fish   Labridae   Thalassoma

Thalassoma purpureum
© Copyright John Rangall, 2006 · 0
Thalassoma purpureum

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Thalassoma purpureum
© Copyright John Rangall, 2006 · 0
Thalassoma purpureum
Thalassoma purpureum
© Copyright Gerald Allen, 2006 · 0
Thalassoma purpureum
español

Overview
Main identification features
  • initial phase : green + fine red bars, operculum -red y
  • terminal phase : blue + 2 red stripes; operculum - red y
Elongate, compressed body; 1 pair canines at front of top jaw, 1-2 pairs on bottom; preopercle edge smooth; lateral line entire, bends abruptly down at end of soft dorsal; body of large adults relatively deep (~36% of standard length); dorsal VIII, 13; anal III, 11; pectoral 15-17; tail bluntly straight; head scaleless except for a few scales on upper operculum; 25 lateral line scales.

Head and body green; a red V on snout before eye, 2 oblique red bars from eye down across operculum; 2 red stripes along flank; sides with thin irregular red vertical lines following scale edges; dorsal and anal green with red bands along bases; large males - base color is blue-green to blue, red bars on head and 2 red stripes along side greatly intensified.

Size: 46 cm.

Habitat: wave swept rocky habitat.

Depth: 0-20 m.

An Indo-Pacific species found at Cocos, Clipperton, the Galapagos, the Gulf of Chiriqui, Panama, and around the Bat Islands, western Costa Rica.


Attributes
Abundance: Common.
Cites: Not listed.
Climate Zone: Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo).
Depth Range Max: 20 m.
Depth Range Min: 0 m.
Diet: mobile benthic crustacea (shrimps/crabs); mobile benthic gastropods/bivalves; mobile benthic worms; sea-stars/cucumbers/urchins; bony fishes.
Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=11; Southern limit=-2; Western limit=-110; Eastern limit=-81; Latitudinal range=13; Longitudinal range=29.
Egg Type: Pelagic; Pelagic larva.
Feeding Group: Carnivore.
FishBase Habitat: Reef Associated.
Global Endemism: All Pacific (West + Central + East); Indo-Pacific only (Indian + Pacific Oceans); TEP non-endemic; "Transpacific" (East + Central &/or West Pacific); All species.
Habitat: Corals; Reef associated (reef + edges-water column & soft bottom); Rocks; Reef (rock &/or coral); Reef only.
Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Inshore Only.
IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed.
Length Max: 46 cm.
Regional Endemism: Island (s); Continent; Continent + Island (s); Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) non-endemic; Eastern Pacific non-endemic; All species.
Residency: Resident.
Salinity: Marine; Marine Only.
Water Column Position: Bottom; Near Bottom; Bottom + water column;


Names
Scientific source:

Links to other sites

References
  • Allen , G.R. and Robertson, D.R., 1997., An Annotated Checklist of the fishes of Clipperton Atoll, Tropical Eastern Pacific., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 45:813-843.
  • Baldwin , C. C. and McCosker, J. E., 2001., Wrasses of the Galápagos Islands, with the description of a new deepwater species of Halichoeres (Perciformes: Labridae)., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 49(Supplement 1):89-100.
  • Edgar, G.J. Banks, S., Fariña, J.M., Calvopiña, M. and Martínez, C., 2004., Regional biogeography of shallow reef fish and macro-invertebrate communities in the Galapagos archipelago., Journal of Biogeography, 31:1107-1124.
  • Forsskål, P., 1775., Descriptiones animalium avium, amphibiorum, piscium, insectorum, vermium; quae in itinere orientali observavit... Post mortem auctoris edidit Carsten Niebuhr. Hauniae., Descr. Animalium, :1-164.
  • Kendall , W.C. and Radcliffe, L., 1912., The shore fishes. Reports on the scientific results of the expedition to the eastern tropical Pacific, ... by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer ALBATROSS, from October, 1904, to March, 1905, Lieut. Commander L.M. Garret, U.S.N., Commanding. XXV., Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., 35(3):75-171.
  • McCosker , J.E. and Humann, P.H., 1996., New records of Galápagos fishes., Charles Darwin Foundation, Noticias de Galápagos., 56:18-26.
  • Robertson , D.R. and Allen, G.A., 1996., Zoogeography of the shorefish fauna of Clipperton Atoll., Coral Reefs, 15:121-131.
  • Victor , B. C. , Wellington , G. M. , Robertson , D. R. and Ruttenberg, B., 2001., The effect of the EL Niño-Southern oscilation event in the distribution of reef-associated labrid fishes in the Eastern Pacific ocean., Bull. Mar. Sci., 69:279-288.
  • Victor, B. C. and Wellington, G. M., 2000., Endemism and the pelagic larval duration of reef fishes in the eastern Pacific Ocean., Marine Ecology Progress Series, 205:241-248.

Acknowledgements

I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.


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Updated: 2024-03-28 22:41:36 gmt
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