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- Australian Faunal Directory
- FishBase
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Overview |
Main identification features
- initial phase : green + fine red bars, operculum -red y
- terminal phase : blue + 2 red stripes; operculum - red y
Elongate, compressed body; 1 pair canines at front of top jaw, 1-2 pairs on bottom; preopercle edge smooth; lateral line entire, bends abruptly down at end of soft dorsal; body of large adults relatively deep (~36% of standard length); dorsal VIII, 13; anal III, 11; pectoral 15-17; tail bluntly straight; head scaleless except for a few scales on upper operculum; 25 lateral line scales.
Head and body green; a red V on snout before eye, 2 oblique red bars from eye down across operculum; 2 red stripes along flank; sides with thin irregular red vertical lines following scale edges; dorsal and anal green with red bands along bases; large males - base color is blue-green to blue, red bars on head and 2 red stripes along side greatly intensified.
Size: 46 cm.
Habitat: wave swept rocky habitat.
Depth: 0-20 m.
An Indo-Pacific species found at Cocos, Clipperton, the Galapagos, the Gulf of Chiriqui, Panama, and around the Bat Islands, western Costa Rica.
Attributes
Abundance: Common.
Cites: Not listed.
Climate Zone: Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo).
Depth Range Max: 20 m.
Depth Range Min: 0 m.
Diet: mobile benthic crustacea (shrimps/crabs); mobile benthic gastropods/bivalves; mobile benthic worms; sea-stars/cucumbers/urchins; bony fishes.
Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=11; Southern limit=-2; Western limit=-110; Eastern limit=-81; Latitudinal range=13; Longitudinal range=29.
Egg Type: Pelagic; Pelagic larva.
Feeding Group: Carnivore.
FishBase Habitat: Reef Associated.
Global Endemism: All Pacific (West + Central + East); Indo-Pacific only (Indian + Pacific Oceans); TEP non-endemic; "Transpacific" (East + Central &/or West Pacific); All species.
Habitat: Corals; Reef associated (reef + edges-water column & soft bottom); Rocks; Reef (rock &/or coral); Reef only.
Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Inshore Only.
IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed.
Length Max: 46 cm.
Regional Endemism: Island (s); Continent; Continent + Island (s); Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) non-endemic; Eastern Pacific non-endemic; All species.
Residency: Resident.
Salinity: Marine; Marine Only.
Water Column Position: Bottom; Near Bottom; Bottom + water column;
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Names | |
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Links to other sites | |
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References |
- Allen , G.R. and Robertson, D.R., 1997., An Annotated Checklist of the fishes of Clipperton Atoll, Tropical Eastern Pacific., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 45:813-843.
- Baldwin , C. C. and McCosker, J. E., 2001., Wrasses of the Galápagos Islands, with the description of a new deepwater species of Halichoeres (Perciformes: Labridae)., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 49(Supplement 1):89-100.
- Edgar, G.J. Banks, S., Fariña, J.M., Calvopiña, M. and Martínez, C., 2004., Regional biogeography of shallow reef fish and macro-invertebrate communities in the Galapagos archipelago., Journal of Biogeography, 31:1107-1124.
- Forsskål, P., 1775., Descriptiones animalium avium, amphibiorum, piscium, insectorum, vermium; quae in itinere orientali observavit... Post mortem auctoris edidit Carsten Niebuhr. Hauniae., Descr. Animalium, :1-164.
- Kendall , W.C. and Radcliffe, L., 1912., The shore fishes. Reports on the scientific results of the expedition to the eastern tropical Pacific, ... by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer ALBATROSS, from October, 1904, to March, 1905, Lieut. Commander L.M. Garret, U.S.N., Commanding. XXV., Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., 35(3):75-171.
- McCosker , J.E. and Humann, P.H., 1996., New records of Galápagos fishes., Charles Darwin Foundation, Noticias de Galápagos., 56:18-26.
- Robertson , D.R. and Allen, G.A., 1996., Zoogeography of the shorefish fauna of Clipperton Atoll., Coral Reefs, 15:121-131.
- Victor , B. C. , Wellington , G. M. , Robertson , D. R. and Ruttenberg, B., 2001., The effect of the EL Niño-Southern oscilation event in the distribution of reef-associated labrid fishes in the Eastern Pacific ocean., Bull. Mar. Sci., 69:279-288.
- Victor, B. C. and Wellington, G. M., 2000., Endemism and the pelagic larval duration of reef fishes in the eastern Pacific Ocean., Marine Ecology Progress Series, 205:241-248.
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Acknowledgements | |
I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.
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Following modified from Australian Faunal Directory
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| &pull 20q v5.145 20180528: Error 301 Moved Permanently http://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/3adbeffc-4c3c-43be-b7fa-f8fc1138fe41 |
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Following modified from FishBase
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http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Thalassoma&speciesname=purpureum ---> http://52.67.158.155/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Thalassoma&speciesname=purpureum
http://52.67.158.155/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Thalassoma&speciesname=purpureum ---> https://fishbase.net.br/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Thalassoma&speciesname=purpureum
https://fishbase.net.br/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Thalassoma&speciesname=purpureum ---> https://fishbase.net.br/summary/Thalassoma-purpureum.html
Thalassoma purpureum, Surge wrasse : fisheries, gamefish, aquarium
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Thalassoma purpureum
Male picture by
Hermosa, Jr., G.V.
Teleostei (teleosts) >
Eupercaria/misc
(Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Labridae
(Wrasses) > Corinae
Etymology:
Thalassoma:
Greek, thalassa = the sea + Greek, soma = body; the colour of the sea (Ref.
45335
)
.
More on author:
Forsskål
.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; reef-associated; depth range 0 - 10 m (Ref.
30573
). Tropical; 32°N - 32°S
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa (Ref.
4392
) to the Hawaiian, Marquesan, and Easter islands, north to southern Japan, south to Lord Howe, Kermadec, and Rapa islands. Southeast Atlantic: southeast coast of South Africa (Ref.
4392
). Replaced by
Thalassoma virens
in the Revillagigedo Islands (Ref.
37816
).
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
?
range ? - ? cm
Max length : 46.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
30573
); max. published weight: 1.2 kg (Ref.
40637
)
Dorsal
spines
(total): 8;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 12-14;
Anal
spines
: 3;
Anal
soft rays
: 10 - 12.
T. purpureum
and
T. trilobatum
have nearly identical initial phases (Ref.
1602
). They differ slightly in details of the head markings, and
T. purpureum
has a slightly longer head, shorter pectoral fins, and attains a larger size (Ref.
1602
,
48636
). Females best distinguished by the 'V' mark on the snout (Ref.
48636
). Initial phase with a vertical dark red line below front of eye usually with a branch to front of snout (Ref 9823).
Found almost exclusively in the surge zone of outer reef flats, reef margins, and rocky coastlines, down to a depth of about 10 m (Ref.
5213
). Benthopelagic (Ref.
58302
). Occur in groups of females that are spread out over large reef sections and dominated by few males. Males grow much larger than females (Ref.
48636
). Feed on small invertebrates (crabs, sea urchins, brittlestars, mollusks), small fishes, echinoids, ophiuroids and polychaetes (Ref.
37816
). Protogynous (Ref.
55080
).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity
|
Reproduction
|
Spawning
|
Eggs
|
Fecundity
|
Larvae
Pelagic spawner.
Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene
, 1990. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref.
2334
)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref.
130435
)
Least Concern (LC)
; Date assessed:
07 March 2009
CITES
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: minor commercial; gamefish: yes; aquarium: commercial
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Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 24.6 - 29.3, mean 28.3 °C (based on 3134 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00955 (0.00430 - 0.02123), b=3.06 (2.89 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 3.8 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
Price category (Ref.
80766
):
Very high
.
Nutrients (Ref.
124155
): Calcium = 42.4 [25.2, 69.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.532 [0.303, 0.984] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [15.9, 21.1] %; Omega3 = 0.118 [0.076, 0.185] g/100g; Selenium = 23.1 [13.7, 42.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 105 [31, 372] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.25 [0.88, 1.92] mg/100g (wet weight);
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Updated: 2024-04-24 15:53:08 gmt
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