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Upeneus tragula, Freckled goatfish : fisheries, aquarium
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Upeneus tragula
Picture by
Bailly, N.
Teleostei (teleosts) >
Mulliformes
(Goatfishes) >
Mullidae
(Goatfishes)
Etymology:
Upeneus:
Greek, ypene, -es = upper lip (Ref.
45335
)
.
More on author:
Richardson
.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; brackish; reef-associated; oceanodromous (Ref.
51243
); depth range 0 - 42 m (Ref.
95469
). Tropical; 30°N - 30°S, 92°E - 16°W
Eastern Indian Ocean to Western Pacific: from Andaman Islands to E Australia and to Japan and New Caledonia.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
11.0
, range 10 - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
121202
)
Dorsal
spines
(total): 8;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 9;
Anal
spines
: 1;
Anal
soft rays
: 6. This species is distinguished by the following characters: D VIII + 9; pectoral fins 12-14; gill rakers 4-7 + 15-19 = 20-25; lateral line scales 28-31; the following measurements are in %SL- body depth at first dorsal fin origin 21-28 and at anus 18-24; caudal-peduncle depth 9.5-12, width 3.1-4.9L; maximum head depth 18-24; head depth through eye 14-20; head length 26-32; postorbital length 9.9–13; orbit length 5.3-8.9; upper jaw length 9.8-14; barbel length 13-21; caudal-peduncle length 22-27, caudal-fin length 29-34; anal-fin height 16-20; pelvic-fin length 19-24; pectoral-fin length 17-22, width 3.5-5.3; first dorsal-fin height 20-25; second dorsal-fin height 17-21; postorbital length 1.4–2.0 times in anal-fin height; all fins with red, brown or black stripes, bars or blotches; 7–19 oblique bars on caudal fin, 3-9 bars on upper lobe, 4-10 on lower lobe; first dorsal fin with a large blotch around tip; one red, brown or black mid-lateral body stripe from tip of snout through eye to caudal base; body and head ground colour white or beige, slightly darker above lateral line, with irregular red, brown or black spots and/or blotches; yellow barbels but may be pale brown or orange in fresh fish; most of body and fin pigmentation retained on preserved fish (Ref.
95469
).
Known to enter lower reaches of rivers. Usually found on sandy bottoms in nearshore areas; usually solitary (Ref.
68964
). Forms small to moderately large aggregations at all sizes (Ref.
48636
). Minimum depth from Ref. 3470.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity
|
Reproduction
|
Spawning
|
Eggs
|
Fecundity
|
Larvae
Uiblein, F. and G. Gouws
, 2014. A new goatfish species of the genus
Upeneus
(Mullidae) based on molecular and morphological screening and subsequent taxonomic analysis. Mar. Biol. Res. 10(7):655-681. (Ref.
95469
)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref.
130435
)
Least Concern (LC)
; Date assessed:
11 March 2015
CITES
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial; aquarium: commercial
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 24.8 - 29.1, mean 28.2 °C (based on 734 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00933 (0.00757 - 0.01151), b=3.09 (3.06 - 3.12), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 3.6 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 1.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Low vulnerability (18 of 100).
Price category (Ref.
80766
):
High
.
Nutrients (Ref.
124155
): Calcium = 73.4 [39.9, 130.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.663 [0.298, 1.134] mg/100g; Protein = 18.4 [16.3, 20.8] %; Omega3 = 0.181 [0.114, 0.334] g/100g; Selenium = 30.6 [16.7, 61.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 72.9 [21.7, 265.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.49 [0.92, 2.09] mg/100g (wet weight);
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