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Overview |
Main identification features
- oblong, compressed
- dark, or 6 bars
- inside mouth: white
- no scales - breast, pectoral base
Oblong, compressed; dorsal rays VIII+I,25-30, first dorsal a low triangle, posterior spines of first dorsal fin may become embedded with growth); anal rays II (embedded in all but very young fish) + I,19-22; dorsal and anal without finlets behind pectoral > head length; gill rakers on first arch (excluding rudiments) 5-8 + 13-17; lateral line with pronounced arch anteriorly; straight part of lateral line with 23-40 small scutes; patches without scales on breast and base of pectoral fin.
Tongue, roof and floor of mouth white, remainder of mouth blue black; body dusky with 6 broad dark bars with narrow pale spaces between them.
Size: grows to at least 50 cm.
Habitat: coastal pelagic, typically occurs in small schools.
Depth: 10-300 m.
Circumglobal in tropical and temperate seas; known in the eastern Pacific from southern California, in the SW Gulf of California, the offshore islands (except Clipperton) as well as Costa Rica and Panama, and the inshore islands of Gorgona and La Plata.
Attributes
Abundance: Common.
Cites: Not listed.
Climate Zone: Northern Tropical (Mexican Province to Nicaragua + Revillagigedos); Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo); North Temperate (Californian Province &/or Northern Gulf of California).
Depth Range Max: 300 m.
Depth Range Min: 10 m.
Diet: Pelagic crustacea; bony fishes; zooplankton; pelagic fish larvae; pelagic fish eggs.
Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=34; Southern limit=-2; Western limit=-119; Eastern limit=-79; Latitudinal range=36; Longitudinal range=40.
Egg Type: Pelagic; Pelagic larva.
Feeding Group: Carnivore; Planktivore.
FishBase Habitat: Bentho-Pelagic.
Global Endemism: Circumtropical ( Indian + Pacific + Atlantic Oceans); East Pacific + Atlantic (East +/or West); Transisthmian (East Pacific + Atlantic of Central America); East Pacific + all Atlantic (East+West); All Pacific (West + Central + East); TEP non-endemic; "Transpacific" (East + Central &/or West Pacific); All species.
Habitat: Reef associated (reef + edges-water column & soft bottom); Water column.
Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Offshore; In & Offshore.
IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed.
Length Max: 50 cm.
Regional Endemism: Island (s); Continent; Continent + Island (s); Eastern Pacific non-endemic; Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) non-endemic; All species.
Residency: Resident.
Salinity: Marine; Marine Only.
Water Column Position: Mid Water; Near Surface; Water column only;
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Names |
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Links to other sites |
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References |
- Aguilar-Palomino, B., Rodríguez-Romero, R.J., Abitia-Cardenas, L.A., 1995., Primer registro en aguas mexicanas del carángido Uraspis secunda (Golfo de California)., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 43:910.
- Bloch , M. E. and Schneider, J. G., 1801., M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae iconibus cx illustratum. Post obitum auctoris opus inchoatum absolvit, correxit, interpolavit Jo. Gottlob Schneider, Saxo. Berolini. Sumtibus Austoris Impressum et Bibliopolio Sanderiano Commissum., Systema Ichthyol., :1-584.
- Béarez, P., 1996., Lista de los Peces Marinos del Ecuador Continental., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 44:731-741.
- Castro-Aguirre, J.L. and Balart, E.F., 2002., La ictiofauna de las islas Revillagigedos y sus relaciones zoogeograficas, con comentarios acerca de su origen y evolucion. En: Lozano-Vilano, M. L. (Ed.). Libro Jubilar en Honor al Dr. Salvador Contreras Balderas., Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León:153-170.
- Findley, L.T., Hendrickx, M.E., Brusca, R.C., van der Heiden, A.M., Hastings, P.A., Torre, J., 2003., Diversidad de la Macrofauna Marina del Golfo de California, Mexico., CD-ROM versión 1.0. Projecto de la Macrofauna del Golfo . Derechos reservados de los autores y Conservación Internacional.
- Fischer , W. , Krup , F. , Schneider , W. , Sommer , C. , Carpenter , K. E. and Niem, V. H., 1995., Guia FAO para la Identificacion de Especies de para los fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. Volumen II. Vertebrados - Parte 1., FAO2:647-1200.
- Humann, P., 1993., Reef Fish Identification: Galapagos., New World Publishing:192pp.
- Jimenez-Prado, P., Béarez, P., 2004., Peces marinos del Ecuador continental / Marine fishes of continental Ecuador., SIMBIOE/NAZCA/IFEA tomo 1 y 2.
- Lea, R.N. and Walker Jr., H.J., 1995., Record of the bigeye trevally, Caranx sexfasciatus, and Mexican lookdown, Selene brevoorti, with notes on other carangids from California., Calif. Fish & Game, 81:89-95.
- Love, M.S., Mecklenburg, C.W., Mecklenburg, T.A., Thorsteinson, L.K., 2005., es of the West Coast and Alaska: a checklist of North Pacific and Artic Ocena species from Baja California to the Alaska-Yukon border., U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, 288pp.
- McCosker , J.E. and Humann, P.H., 1996., New records of Galápagos fishes., Charles Darwin Foundation, Noticias de Galápagos., 56:18-26.
- Vega, A.J., Villareal, N., 2003., Peces asociados a arrecifes y manglares en el Parque Nacional Coiba., Tecnociencia, 5:65-76.
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Acknowledgements |
I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.
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http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Uraspis&speciesname=helvola ---> http://52.67.158.155/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Uraspis&speciesname=helvola http://52.67.158.155/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Uraspis&speciesname=helvola ---> https://fishbase.net.br/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Uraspis&speciesname=helvola https://fishbase.net.br/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Uraspis&speciesname=helvola ---> https://fishbase.net.br/summary/Uraspis-helvola.html
Uraspis helvola, Whitetongue jack : fisheries, gamefish
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Uraspis helvola
Picture by
Wirtz, P.
Teleostei (teleosts) >
Carangiformes
(Jacks) >
Carangidae
(Jacks and pompanos) > Caranginae
Etymology:
Uraspis:
Greek, oura = tail + Greek, aspis = shield (Ref.
45335
)
.
More on author:
Forster
.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; reef-associated; depth range 50 - 300 m (Ref.
28016
). Subtropical; 35°N - 50°S, 32°E - 5°W
Southeast Atlantic: St. Helena and Ascension islands (Ref.
7097
). Western Indian Ocean: southern Red Sea, off Oman and Sri Lanka. Eastern Pacific: Hawaiian and Revillagigedo islands (Ref.
9283
). Reported from the Arafura Sea (Ref.
9819
) and Persian Gulf (Ref.
68964
).
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
 
?
  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 58.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
55763
); common length : 35.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
55763
)
Dorsal
spines
(total): 9;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 25-30;
Anal
spines
: 3;
Anal
soft rays
: 19 - 22.
Adults are benthopelagic in sandy bottoms at the foot of the edge of the outer reefs, continental coasts and around islands (Ref.
9283
). Solitary or forming small schools (Ref.
30573
). Mainly nocturnal (Ref.
4887
). Marketed fresh and salted or dried (Ref.
9283
).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity
|
Reproduction
|
Spawning
|
Eggs
|
Fecundity
|
Larvae
Smith-Vaniz, W.F.
, 1984. Carangidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean fishing area 51. Vol. 1. [pag. var.]. FAO, Rome. (Ref.
3287
)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref.
130435
)
Least Concern (LC)
; Date assessed:
09 March 2015
CITES
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: minor commercial; gamefish: yes
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Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 14.5 - 26.8, mean 20.2 °C (based on 410 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01445 (0.00841 - 0.02484), b=2.94 (2.80 - 3.08), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 3.8 ±0.58 se; based on food items.
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100).
Price category (Ref.
80766
):
Medium
.
Nutrients (Ref.
124155
): Calcium = 30.3 [14.2, 54.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.813 [0.459, 1.464] mg/100g; Protein = 20.2 [19.2, 21.2] %; Omega3 = 0.257 [0.163, 0.421] g/100g; Selenium = 23.1 [12.1, 42.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 48.7 [18.3, 128.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.579 [0.394, 0.848] mg/100g (wet weight);
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Updated: 2024-04-25 05:30:07 gmt
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