24.
Quercus marilandica
Münchhausen, Hausvater. 5(1): 253. 1770.
Blackjack oak
Trees , deciduous, to 15 m. Bark almost black, with irregular or rectangular blocks, inner bark orangish. Twigs ashy brown, (1-)2-4(-5) mm diam., pubescent to tomentose. Terminal buds conic or narrowly ovoid-ellipsoid, 5-10 mm, noticeably 5-angled in cross section, tawny pubescent. Leaves: petiole 5-20 mm, densely to sparsely pubescent. Leaf blade obovate to obtrullate, (50-)70-200 × (40-)70-200 mm, base rounded or cordate, blade not decurrent, margins with 3-5 shallow, often very broad lobes and 3-10 awns, apex acute to obtuse, rarely rounded; surfaces abaxially scurfy or with scattered pubescence, adaxially glossy, glabrous, secondary veins raised on both surfaces. Acorns biennial; cup turbinate, 6-10 mm high × 13-18 mm wide, covering 1/3 nut, outer surface puberulent, inner surface pubescent, scale tips loose, especially at margin of cup, acute or acuminate; nut broadly ovoid or ellipsoid, 12-20 × 10-18 mm, often striate, glabrate, scar diam. 5-8 mm. 2 n = 12. [R. C. Friesner 1930. J. W. Duffield (1940) suggested that Friesner was counting bivalents; if so, then 2 n = 24, consistent with all other reports for Quercus .]
Flowering spring. Poor shallow soils of glades, barrens and flatwoods, disturbed fields, rocky outcrops, and dry ridges; 0-900 m; Ala., Ark., Del., D.C., Fla., Ga., Ill., Ind., Iowa., Kans., Ky., La., Md., Miss., Mo., Nebr., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Okla., Pa., S.C., Tenn., Tex., Va., W.Va.
Evidence suggests that small trees from the western portion of the range (primarily Texas and Oklahoma) should be recognized as Quercus marilandica Münchhausen var. ashei Sudworth (D. M. Hunt 1989). These trees are characterized by 50-70 × 40-60 mm leaf blades with abaxial surfaces gray-tomentose in vein axils.
Quercus marilandica reportedly hybridizes with Q . buckleyi and Q . falcata (E. J. Palmer 1948); and with Q . georgiana , Q . ilicifolia (= Q . × brittoni W. T. Davis), Q . imbricaria [= Q . × tridentata (A. de Candolle) Engelmann], Q . incana , Q . nigra , Q . phellos ( Q . × rudkini Britton), and Q . velutina (= Q . × bushii Sargent). D. M. Hunt (1989) cited evidence of hybridization also with Q . arkansana , Q . hemisphaerica , Q . laevis , Q . laurifolia , Q . myrtifolia , Q . palustris , and Q . rubra .
The Choctaw used Quercus marilandica to ease cramps and to aid in childbirth (D. E. Moerman 1986).
