Ant Analysis: An Ecological Experiment
On June 6 we placed 16 vials, without bait, in two different habitats including a forested region and a grassy region. These vials were left overnight and were pitfalls for incoming ants. After 24 hours, the vials were checked and the ants were collected already submerged in ethyl alcohol. The ethyl alcohol helps to preserve the ants. Also, on the same day, 30 min. traps were set in the same habitats. However, these traps were intended to bait ants with the hot dogs. Once again, these ants were submerged in ethyl alcohol and preserved. However, we yielded low number of ants compared to the number actually captured. This is due to experimenal errors. The most significant of which occured during the collection of those captured in the baited traps. While collecting the ants, some were accidentally discarded while disposing of the hot dog bait which was saturated with ants. Then, these ants were taken to lab and identified via a microscope.
We found 5 different morphological species in our experiment. We also noted many were of different sizes but the size spectrum was continous in all the different morphological species indicating that the sizes were due to age and did not contribute to differences in species. We found more ants in our hotdog baited traps as compared to the pitfall traps due to the baits attraction for the ants compared to the pitfall traps which capture occurs due to chance. Our data indicates that morpho species 5 was only found in the grassy 30 miniute bait traps. We hyphothesized that the reason for this is because the bait attracts a larger diversity of insects including ants. This is because when ants leave the nest to find food, they leave a pheromone trail leading to the food so more ants can come help gather. This is a reason why there are more morpho species of ants. We found that a greater number of morphs of ants and number of ants resided in the grassy environment as opposed to the forested environment. This directly corelates with Identification Guide to the Ant Genera of the World which states that fire ants "are much more common and widely distributed in dryer, disturbed sites." The grassy land in our environment was greatly exposed to sunlight and the human interactions by the kids would cause the ants to want to build their nests in such areas. There was not much of a difference among sites except that there was a little hill on the grassy sunny side. A statistical analysis which could be used to determine the number of fire ants we found vs. the number we obtained could be determined via a chi-square test. However, we were uncertain of what the expected yield should be. Furthermore, this hampered our efforts to conduct a chi square analysis. Although we do not know the exact statistical results, we can however conclude, as expected, that there is a greater yield of fire ants than other ants. We found that of the 307 ants collected, 283 (or 80%) were fire ants.
The Beautiful World of Fire Ants
Types of Fire Ants:
Black inported fire ant, Solenopsis richteri
Native fire ant, Solenopsis geminata
Red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta
Southern fire ant, Solenopsis xyloni
Fire ants can be found across the entire Southeast U.S. since their introduction in 1918 from South America. It is quite difficult to tell the difference among these different types of fire ants. Fire ants usually have a distinct red color and are of medium size. Confusion arises when observing fire ants because ants of the same species come in different sizes. This is due to the fact that ants have different tasks to accomplish as they work in a cooperative environment.
| Morphospecies |
Description of Ant |
|---|
|
| 1 |
red fire ant w/ black and yellow striped abdomen w/ two petioles |
|
| 2 | small black ant w/ two petioles |
| 3 | red fire ant w/ a yellow abdomen w/ two petioles |
| 4 | red fire ant w/ a black abdomen w/ two petioles |
5 | red ant w/ only one petiole |
BARCODE=143409 DATE=990606 HABITAT=TREE SITE (PITFALL)=ALPS ROAD ES
MORPHOSPECIES 1=11 MORPHOSPECIES 2=1
BARCODE=143410 DATE=990606 HABITAT=TREE SITE (PITFALL)=ALPS ROAD ES
MORPHOSPECIES 1=1
BARCODE=143411 DATE=990606 HABITAT=TREE SITE(PITFALL)=ALPS ROAD ES
MORPHOSPECIES 2=1
BARCODE=143412 DATE=990606 HABITAT=TREE SITE (PITFALL)=ALPS ROAD ES
MORPHOSPECIES 1=2 MORPHOSPECIES 3=1
BARCODE=143413 DATE=990606 HABITAT=TREE SITE (PITFALL)=ALPS ROAD ES
MORPHOSPECIES 1=2 MORPHOSPECIES4=2
BARCODE=143414 DATE=990606 HABITAT=TREE SITE (PITFALL)=ALPS ROAD ES
MORPHOSPECIES 1=2
BARCODE=143415 DATE=990606 HABITAT=TREE SITE (PITFALL)=ALPS ROAD ES
MORPHOSPECIES 1=2 MORPHOSPECIES 2=1 MORPHOSPECIES4=1
BARCODE=143416 DATE=990606 HABITAT=GRASS SITE (PITFALL)=ALPS ROAD ES
MORPHOSPECIES 1=6 MORPHOSPECIES MORPHOSPECIES4=3
BARCODE=143417 DATE=990606 HABITAT=GRASS SITE (PITFALL)=ALPS ROAD ES
MORPHOSPECIES 1=2 MORPHOSPECIES 2=2 MORPHOSPECIES 3=3
BARCODE=143418 DATE=990606 HABITAT=GRASS SITE (PITFALL)=ALPS ROAD ES
MORPHOSPECIES 1=4 MORPHOSPECIES 2=3 MORPHOSPECIES 3=1
BARCODE=143419 DATE=990606 HABITAT=GRASS SITE (PITFALL)=ALPS ROAD ES
MORPHOSPECIES 1=12 MORPHOSPECIES4=14
BARCODE=143420 DATE=990606 HABITAT=GRASS SITE (PITFALL)=ALPS ROAD ES
MORPHOSPECIES 1=3 MORPHOSPECIES 2=1 MORPHOSPECIES 3=5 MORPHOSPECIES4=4
BARCODE=143421 DATE=990606 HABITAT=GRASS SITE (PITFALL)=ALPS ROAD ES
MORPHOSPECIES 1=17 MORPHOSPECIES4=1
BARCODE=143422 DATE=990606 HABITAT=GRASS SITE (PITFALL=ALPS ROAD ES
MORPHOSPECIES 1=2 MORPHOSPECIES 3=3
BARCODE=143423 DATE=990606 HABITAT=GRASS SITE (HOTDOG BAIT)=ALPS ROAD ES
MORPHOSPECIES 1=4 MORPHOSPECIES 2=4 MORPHOSPECIES4=3
BARCODE=143424 DATE=990606 HABITAT=GRASS SITE (HOTDOG BAIT)=ALPS ROAD ES
MORPHOSPECIES 1=4 MORPHOSPECIES3=4
BARCODE=143425 DATE=990606 HABITAT=GRASS SITE (HOTDOG BAIT)=ALPS ROAD ES
MORPHOSPECIES 1=16 MORPHOSPECIES4=1
BARCODE=143426 DATE=990606 HABITAT=GRASS SITE (HOTDOG BAIT)=ALPS ROAD ES
MORPHOSPECIES 2=6 MORPHOSPECIES5=5
BARCODE=143427 DATE=990606 HABITAT=GRASS SITE (HOTDOG BAIT)=ALPS ROAD ES
MORPHOSPECIES 1=5 MORPHOSPECIES 2=10 MORPHOSPECIES 5=3
BARCODE=143428 DATE=990606 HABITAT=GRASS SITE (HOTDOG BAIT)=ALPS ROAD ES
MORPHOSPECIES 1=3 MORPHOSPECIES 2=1 MORPHOSPECIES 3=9 MORPHOSPECIES4=12
BARCODE=143429 DATE=990606 HABITAT=GRASS SITE (HOTDOG BAIT) =ALPS ROAD ES
MORPHOSPECIES 1=2 MORPHOSPECIES 3=8 MORPHOSPECIES 4=7
BARCODE=143430 DATE=990606 HABITAT=GRASS SITE (HOTDOG BAIT) =ALPS ROAD ES
MORPHOSPECIES 2=15 MORPHOSPECIES 3=3 MORPHOSPECIES 5=2
BARCODE=143431 DATE=990606 HABITAT=TREE SITE (HOTDOG BAIT)=ALPS ROAD ES
MORPHOSPECIES 2=11 MORPHOSPECIES4=9
BARCODE=143432 DATE=990606 HABITAT=TREE SITE (HOTDOG BAIT)=ALPS ROAD ES
MORPHOSPECIES 2=1 MORPHOSPECIES 3=17 MORPHOSPECIES4=1
BARCODE=143433 DATE=990606 HABITAT=TREE SITE (HOTDOG BAIT)=ALPS ROAD ES
MORPHOSPECIES 1=15 MORPHOSPECIES 3=8 MORPHOSPECIES4=3
BARCODE=143434 DATE=990606 HABITAT=TREE SITE (HOTDOG BAIT)=ALPS ROAD ES
MORPHOSPECIES 1=15 MORPHOSPECIES 3=7
BARCODE=143435 DATE=990606 HABITAT=TREE SITE (HOTDOG BAIT)=ALPS ROAD ES
MORPHOSPECIES 1=16 MORPHOSPECIES 2=4
BARCODE=143436 DATE=990606 HABITAT=TREE SITE (HOTDOG BAIT)=ALPS ROAD ES
MORPHOSPECIES 2=13 MORPHOSPECIES4=10
BARCODE=143437 DATE=990606 HABITAT=TREE SITE (HOTDOG BAIT)=ALPS ROAD ES
MORPHOSPECIES 1=15 MORPHOSPECIES 2=8 MORPHOSPECIES 3=1 MORPHOSPECIES4=3
BARCODE=143438 DATE=990606 HABITAT=TREE SITE (HOTDOG BAIT)=ALPS ROAD ES
MORPHOSPECIES 1=9 MORPHOSPECIES4=3
Bolton, Barry.1994.Identification Guide to the Ant Genera of the World. The President and Fellows of Harvard College. USA.