Reprinted with permission from: Mitchell, T.B. 1962 Bees of the Eastern United States. North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin No. 152.
QUEEN—Length 21-27 mm., breadth of abdomen 9-13 mm.; black, legs somewhat reddish-piceous, apical tarsal segments somewhat more brownish-piceous, the corbicular surface dark ferruginous; tegulae blackish; wings quite deeply infuscated basally, becoming slightly paler apically, veins testaceous to black; pubescence in general short but quite dense, entirely back on head; pubescence yellow on pronotum, anterior half of scutum, scutellum and in large part on pleura, the apical half of scutum black, forming a distinct interalar band; propodeum piceous laterally, nearly bare posteriorly, the venter and narrow anterior surface of pleura black; legs in general black pubescent, hairs quite short, without conspicuous posterior fringes, the corbicular fringe quite dense but of relatively short hairs; pubescence yellow, dense and short on abdominal terga 1 and 2, black on 3-6, in sharp contrast; upper half of clypeus quite finely, closely and deeply punctate, the apical two-thirds shining, with minute, irregular and rather sparse punctures; labrum rather broadly rounded, with a basa1, elevated ridge which is slightly interrupted medially, this area abruptly depressed to the margin; apex of mandible slightly notched toward upper angle, outer face somewhat shining, with minute, irregular and vague punctures; malar space shining and impunctate, very short, its median length only about half basal width of mandibles; eyes elongate, very slightly convergent above; ocelli much below supraorbital line, lateral ocelli subequally distant from eyes and each other, much more widely removed from margin of vertex; antennal scape two-thirds length of flagellum, basal segment of flagellum slightly shorter than segments 2 and 3 combined; posterior margin of hind basitarsus slightly incurved toward the base; tergum 6 narrowly rounded apically, largely bare, slightly impressed on each side.
WORKER—Length 13-18 mm., breadth of abdomen 6.5-9 mm.; with no evident structural or color differences from the queen.
MALE—Length 19-25 mm., breadth of abdomen 8-10 mm.; black, legs somewhat reddened apically, spurs reddish-piceous, tegulae blackish to piceous; wings quite deeply infuscated basally, becoming slightly paler apically, veins piceous to black; pubescence in general quite short but dense and copious, that on head entirely black, although somewhat hoary on lower part of face and cheeks; pubescence yellow on pronotum, scutellum and in large part on pleura and scutum, the latter with a small median area of short fuscous hairs posteriorly; pubescence fuscous on propodeum and on pleura beneath and anteriorly; legs largely black pubescent, apex of tibiae with some very dense, short, yellowish tomentum; abdominal terga 1 and 2 entirely and densely, short, yellow pubescent, 34 entirely black, the more apical terga with elongate and erect hairs; clypeus very finely and closely punctate except along apical margin; labrum somewhat more shining, irregularly and minutely punctate, slightly depressed medially, margin broadly rounded or subtruncate; mandibles very small and slender, slightly constricted medially, bidentate apically, the lower tooth much larger than the acute upper tooth; malar space linear, hardly evident, eyes nearly reaching base of mandible, strongly convergent above; lateral ocelli nearly contiguous with inner margin of eye, only slightly nearer margin of vertex than to antennae; flagellum long and slender, total length more than twice length of scape, basal segments 1 and 3 subequal in length, segment 2 considerably shorter; sterna 7 and 8 and genital armature as shown (fig. 132).
DISTRIBUTION—Michigan to Florida, March to November.
FLOWER RECORDS — Bidens, Eryngium, Gaillardia, Hypericum, Kuhnistera, Lespedeza, Monarda, Padus, Rhus and Vaccinium. Robertson (1929) gives the following additional records: Acerates, Aesculus, .4sclepias, Aster, Boltonia, Brauneria, Cassia, Cephalanthus, Cirsum, Collinsia, Eupaterium, Gerardia, Helenium, Helianthus, Krigia, Lithospermum, Lepachys, Melilotus, Nelumbo, Petalostemum. Psoralea, Pycnanthemum, Robinia, Rudbeckia, Silphium, Solanum, Solidago, Teucrium, Trifolium, Verbena and Zizia.
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