Reprinted with permission from: Mitchell, T.B. 1962 Bees of the Eastern United States. North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin No. 152.
QUEEN—Length 21-23 mm., breadth of abdomen 95-l1 mm.; black including legs, spurs and tegulae; wings quite uniformly, deeply infuscated, veins brownish to piceous; pubescence in general quite short but dense, black on head, yellow on scutum, scutellum, pronotum, and on pleura to bases of legs, scutum with a median, narrow, bare area which is fringed with a few short black hairs; pubescence black on venter of thorax and legs, very short on legs, but front and mid femora with posterior fringes of somewhat more elongate hairs, the corbicular fringe entirely black laterally and along the narrow apical margin, and terga 3-6 entirely black, hairs quite short but dense and suberect; clypeus closely and finely punctate laterally and above; the broad median area smooth and somewhat shining; labrum rather broadly rounded or subtruncate apically, with a pair of basal ridges separated medially by a rather broadly rounded concavity which is slightly elevated above the margin on each side, with an apical fringe of very short yellowish hairs; apex of mandible with a pair of slight notches near the upper angle, outer face toward base somewhat shining, with extremely minute, rather close punctures; malar space smooth and shining, without distinct punctures, somewhat shorter than basal width of mandible, about one-fifth length of eye; punctures of face fine and very close, becoming somewhat more distinct and more widely separated below ocelli, surface between lateral ocelli and eyes smooth and nearly impunctate; vertex finely and very densely punctate medially, punctures becoming somewhat more distinct but still close laterally; lateral ocelli slightly nearer eyes than to each other, distinctly below supraorbital line, slightly nearer each other than to margin of vertex; antennal scape somewhat more than half total length of flagellum, basal segment of flagellum only slightly shorter than segments 2 and 3 combined, 3 slightly longer than 2; posterior margin of hind basitarsus very slightly curved, median width slightly less than half the length; tergum 6 shining, very minutely punctate, narrowly rounded apically.
WORKER—Length 9.5-18 mm., breadth of abdomen 5-8.5 mm.; resembles queen except for the usual smaller size.
MALE—Length 15-19 mm., breadth of abdomen 6-7 mm.; black, legs and tegulae somewhat more reddish-piceous, spurs brownish-testaceous; wings rather lightly but uniformly infuscated, veins testaceous to piceous; apical margins of the abdominal terga very narrowly yellowish-hyaline; pubescence in general rather short and dense, largely pale yellowish on face above and below antennae and on clypeus, with scattered, erect, black hairs intermixed; vertex and occiput with intermixed yellowish and black hairs medially, cheeks with more fuscous hairs above, becoming yellowish below; scutum with a small median fuscous pubescent area posteriorly, and pleura with a few fuscous hairs above mid coxae, otherwise entire thorax densely yellow pubescent; all femora fringed beneath with elongate yellowish hairs, these becoming more fuscous on upper surface; tibiae largely blackish or fuscous pubescent, with posterior fringes of elongate hairs; and basitarsi with some elongate, dark hairs posteriorly, clothed beneath with short brownish hairs; basal abdominal tergum, and basal margin of tergum 2 medially, with erect, yellowish pubescence, remainder of terga 2 and all of 3-7 black pubescent, hairs very short, dense and suberect; clypeus finely and quite closely punctate beneath dense pubescence, but with a median, apical, shining, impunctate area; labrum broadly truncate, somewhat shining, especially on each side basally, with obscure, irregular and rather shallow, fine punctures; mandibles slender, bidentate apically, outer surface densely short pubescent, this yellow in part but fringed along lower margin with elongate fuscous hairs; malar space smooth and shining, with very minute, barely visible punctures, its median length about half basal width of mandible, only about one-tenth length of eye; face very narrow, eyes very slightly convergent above, lateral ocelli separated from eyes by less than half their diameter, and much below supraorbital line, nearer to each other than to margin of vertex; facial punctures very fine and close beneath dense pubescence, becoming rather sparse on shining surface below ocelli, punctures of vertex medially quite deep and distinct but close, becoming somewhat finer laterally; basal segment of flagellum subequal to segment 3, segment 2 considerably shorter; hind tibiae shining, somewhat convex, very sparsely punctate, basitarsi elongate and parallel-sided; sterna 7 and 8 and genital armature as shown (fig. 132).
DISTRIBUTION—Quebec and Maine to Florida, and throughout the West, February to August.
FLOWER REORDS—Apocynum, Aronia, Asclepias, Ceanothus, Chamaecrista, Cirsium, Eryngium, Helenium, Helianthus, Hypericum, Ilex, Itea, Malus, Pontederia. Rhus, Rubus, Silphium, Solidago, Vaccinium and Vicia. Robertson (1929) gives the following additional records: Abutilon. A cerates, Actinomeris, Aesculus, Agastache, Amorpha, Arabis, Asclepias, Aster, Astragalus, Baptisia, Bidens, Blephilia, Brauneria, Camassia, Campanula, Cassia, Caulophyllum, Ceanothus, Cephalanthus, Cercis, Cirsium, Collinsia, Cornus, Crataegus, Delphinium, Dentaria, Desmodium, Diantliera, Dicentra, Diospyros, Dodecatheon, Erigeron, Eryngium, Eupatorium, Fras era, Gerardia, Geranium, Gleditzia, Helenium, Helianthus, Hibiscus, Hous tonia, Hydrangea, Hypericum, Hydrophyllum, Ipomoea, Iris, Krigia, Liatris, Lobelia, Lythrum, Marubium, Melilotus, Mertensia, Monarda, Nelumbo, Nepita, Pastinaca, Pentstemon, Petalostemon, Phlox, Podophyllum, Polemonium, Prunellct, Prunus, Psoralea, Pycnanthemum, Pyrus, Rhus, Ribes, Robinia, Rosa, Rubus, Rudbeckia, Saici, Seutllaria, Silphium, Siyrinchiurn,
SoZidctga Specularia, Symphoricarpus, Taenidia, Teucrium, Tradescantia, Trifolium,
Verbena, Vernonia, Viburnum, Viola, Vitis, Uvularia and Zizia.
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