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Poa annua L. Annual blue grass; Low spear grass; Annual bluegrass

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Higher taxa:  Life   Plantae   Monocotyledoneae   Poaceae   Poa   Global map IDnature guides: Grasses, Hawaii_flora, Monocotyledoneae, Neotropical_flora, Panama_Monocotyledoneae, Plants_Chicago, POPA_USGA, Taiwan_Monocotyledoneae Missouri Botanical Garden We parsed the following live from the Web into this page. Such content is managed by its original site and not cached on Discover Life. Please send feedback and corrections directly to the source. See original regarding copyrights and terms of use. Plants Database, United States Department of Agriculture Flora of Taiwan, National Taiwan University Global Invasive Species Database Malezas de Mexico, CONABIO Taiwan Biodiversity National Information Network CalPhotos

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© Copyright Steve Baskauf, 2002-2005 Poa annua, Whole plant	© Copyright Steve Baskauf, 2002-2005 Poa annua, Flower
© Copyright Steve Baskauf, 2002-2005 Poa annua, Stem	© Copyright Steve Baskauf, 2002-2005 Poa annua, Leaf

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Scientific source:       Integrated Taxonomic Information System

Following modified from Plants Database, United States Department of Agriculture

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Name Search name search type enter a search name Scientific Name Common Name Symbol State Search Advanced Search Search Help   Alternative Crops Characteristics Classification Culturally Significant Distribution Update Fact Sheets & Plant Guides Invasive and Noxious Weeds Links Plant Materials Publications Threatened & Endangered Wetland Indicator Status     40,000+ Plant Images Submit Your Digital Images     Complete PLANTS Checklist State PLANTS Checklist Advanced Search Download Symbols for Unknown Plants NRCS State GSAT Lists NRCS State Plants Lists PLANTS Posters     Crop Nutrient Tool Ecological Site Information System PLANTS Identification Keys Plant Materials Web Site Other NRCS Tech Resources VegSpec     You are here: Home / PLANTS Profile Printer-Friendly / Plug-Ins PLANTS Profile   Poa annua L. annual bluegrass         Symbol:   POAN   Group:   Monocot   Family:   Poaceae   Duration:   Annual   Growth Habit:   Graminoid   Native Status:   L48    I AK    I HI    I PR    I CAN    I GL    I SPM    I Click on the image below to enlarge it and download a high-resolution JPEG file. Robert H. Mohlenbrock. USDA SCS. 1989. Midwest wetland flora: Field office illustrated guide to plant species . Midwest National Technical Center, Lincoln. Courtesy of USDA NRCS Wetland Science Institute . Usage Requirements .   More Information: Characteristics Classification Data Source and Documentation   Images: Poa annua L. Click on a thumbnail to view an image, or see all the Poa thumbnails at the PLANTS Gallery   Synonyms: Poa annua L.   POANA Poa annua L. var. aquatica Asch.   POANR Poa annua L. var. reptans Hausskn.   Distribution: Poa annua L. View Native Status See U.S. county distributions (when available) by clicking on the map or the linked states below: USA ( AK , AL , AR , AZ , CA , CO , CT , DC , DE , FL , GA , HI , IA , ID , IL , IN , KS , KY , LA , MA , MD, ME , MI , MN , MO , MS , MT , NC , ND , NE , NH , NJ , NM , NV , NY , OH, OK , OR , PA , RI , SC , SD , TN , TX , UT , VA , VT , WA , WI , WV , WY ), USA+ (PR), CAN (AB, BC, LB, MB, NB, NF, NS, NT, ON, PE, QC, SK, YT), DEN (GL), FRA (SPM)   Related Taxa: Poa annua L. View 338 genera in Poaceae , 96 species in Poa   Classification: Poa annua L. Click on a scientific name below to expand it in the PLANTS Classification Report.     Kingdom Plantae – Plants Subkingdom Tracheobionta – Vascular plants Superdivision Spermatophyta – Seed plants Division Magnoliophyta – Flowering plants Class Liliopsida – Monocotyledons Subclass Commelinidae Order Cyperales Family Poaceae – Grass family Genus Poa L. – bluegrass Species Poa annua L. – annual bluegrass   U.S. Weed Information: Poa annua L. annual bluegrass walkgrass This plant can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below. This plant may be known by one or more common names in different places, and some are listed above. Click on an acronym to view each weed list, or click here for a composite list of Weeds of the U.S. N'EAST        Uva, R.H., J.C. Neal, & J.M. DiTomaso. 1997. Weeds of the Northeast . Cornell University Press. Ithaca, New York. NE&GP        Stubbendieck, J., G.Y. Friisoe, & M.R. Bolick. 1994. Weeds of Nebraska and the Great Plains . Nebraska Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry. Lincoln, Nebraska. SWSS        Southern Weed Science Society. 1998. Weeds of the United States and Canada. CD-ROM . Southern Weed Science Society. Champaign, Illinois. WSWS        Whitson, T.D. (ed.) et al. 1996. Weeds of the West . Western Society of Weed Science in cooperation with Cooperative Extension Services, University of Wyoming. Laramie, Wyoming.   Introduced Information: Poa annua L. This plant is introduced to some part of the PLANTS Floristic Area, though it may be native in other parts. Click on link below for a partial or complete list of PFA introduced plants. Scientific Name= A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | all Common Name= A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | all   Wetland Indicator Status: Poa annua L. Nat. Ind. Reg. 1 Reg. 2 Reg. 3 Reg. 4 Reg. 5 Reg. 6 Reg. 7 Reg. 8 Reg. 9 Reg. 0 Reg. A Reg. C Reg. H FACU-,OBL FACU FAC FAC- FACU FACU FAC FAC- FAC FAC FACW- FAC OBL FACU- Interpreting Wetland Indicator Status   More Accounts and Images: Poa annua L. View photographs from CalPhotos. View species account and distribution from USF Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants. View species account and distribution map from the Grass Manual on the Web. View species account from ARS Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). View taxonomic account from Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) for ITIS Taxonomic Serial Number 41107. View species account and distribution map from Jepson Interchange (University of California - Berkeley). View photographs and distribution from University of Tennessee Herbarium. View photographs and distribution from University of Washington Burke Museum. View species account and photographs from University of Wisconsin - Stevens Point Freckmann Herbarium.   Related Web Sites: Poa annua L. Arizona: abstract & image of walkgrass (Poa annua) British Columbia Ag. & Food, Crop Protection Program UC Davis, IPM: abstract & images WV-Identification of Common Grasses (line drawings of collar area)     Time Generated: 02/09/2010 08:09 PM MST   PLANTS Home | USDA.gov | NRCS | Site Map | Policies and Links Accessibility Statement | Privacy Policy | Non-Discrimination Statement

Following modified from Flora of Taiwan, National Taiwan University

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Following modified from Global Invasive Species Database

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all marine habitats estuarine habitats lakes water courses wetlands riparian zones coastland urban areas agricultural areas ruderal/disturbed planted forests natural forests scrub/shrublands range/grasslands tundra desert ice host vector all all micro-organism fungus arachnid insect centipede/millipede flatworm nematode mollusc algae bryozoan annelid hydroid tunicate anémone sponge coral comb jelly jellyfish sea urchin crustacean sea star fish amphibian reptile bird mammal aquatic plant palm tree shrub grass rush sedge herb vine, climber bromeliad fern succulent all   Kingdom    Subkingdom    Phylum/Division    Subphylum    Superclass    Class    Subclass    Infraclass    Superorder    Order    Suborder    Infraorder    Superfamily    Family    Subfamily    Tribe    Genus    Subgenus    Species    Cultivar    Subspecies    Variety    Form        Poa annua (grass) Ecology Distribution Management Info Impact Info References and Links Contacts           Interim profile, incomplete information Taxonomic name: Poa annua L. Synonyms: Poa annua var. reptans Common names: annual blue grass, annual bluegrass, annual meadow grass, espiguilla  (Spanish), hierba de punta  (Spanish), poa, Rispengras (German-Germany), turin annuel (French), walkgrass, winter grass Organism type: grass Of the 108 alien vascular plant species are found in the sub-Antarctic; only Poa annua occurs on all the major sub-Antarctic islands. While it is a common introduction in the region there exists no direct evidence that the species out-competes indigenous plants or causes changes to native plant communities. Description Leaf blades of Poa annua are shaped like the tips of canoes. Light green to yellowish green. Soft weak leaves compared with many other grasses. Hairless leaves of average width (similar to ryegrass) (Massey University 2008). P. annua are characterised by a shallow and horizontal root system which penetrates two to three centimeters below the ground (Frenot et al . 1998). P. annua found on sub-Antarctic islands are frequently found with leaves and inflorescences coloured with a dark reddish-purple pigment (Walton 1975). Similar Species Poa pratensis More Occurs in: coastland, range/grasslands, riparian zones, ruderal/disturbed, water courses Habitat description Poa annua is found routinely in gardens, paths and general waste areas. It grows aggressively under conditions of soil compaction and prefers good moisture levels. It prefers good levels of nitrogen and phosphate in the soil and is not adversely affected by most mowing heights (Massey University 2008). P. annua colonises disturbed habitats and is not generally found in natural communities. It prefers sites sheltered from wind including depressions, building sites, dumps, earthworks and old caterpillar tracks (Olech 1996). It may also colonise bare soil on new landslips and sites heavily grazed by rabbits, but it tends to be outcompeted by native species within several years on these sites if disturbance is not continued (Scott & Kirkpatrick 2005). It may also be found around water, including springs, streams and lagoons and may colonise steep rocky moraines (glacial debris) and gravel flats (Scott & Kirkpatrick 2005). P. annua tolerates a wide range of severe climatic conditions, making it a potentially invasive species for the Sub-Antarctic region. On one volcanic island in the region annual poa was noted to occur on volcanic ash (ash has a low organic content and is both unstable and porous with a pH of about 6.8) (Longton 1966). P. annua is also noted to thrive on disturbed well trodden ground, for example, in and around gentoo penguin rookeries in the Falklands (Davies 1939, in Moore & Sladen 1966), and at sites of reindeer trampling and elephant seal wallowing (Pratt & Smith 1982). General impacts Poa annua is listed as a harmful organism, crop pest and potential seed contaminant (USDA-ARS 2008). P. annua is known as a "pioneer" introduced species in the Ampere Valley, Kerguelen Island (Sub-Antarctic) in that it colonises moraines (glacial debris) left behind by recently de-glaciated land. However, it is believed to play only a minor role in primary succession (Frenot et al . 1998). In addition is is uncertain whether the species acts invasively. Frenot and colleagues (2001) describe the species as naturalised and widely distributed growing in native communities and apparently not inducing strong changes in these communities. Scott & Kirkpatrick (2005) tested whether there is any indication that P. annua might displace native species and found no direct evidence that P. annua displaces other plant species in undisturbed vegetation. P. annua usually requires ongoing biotic disturbance to provide bare ground through trampling, and nutrient enrichment through manuring and (seal) molting, to become a locally dominant component in subantarctic vegetation. An increase in human activities in the sub-Antarctic may increase the spread of this species. The interaction between P. annua and other invasive species may be significant. Reindeer have major impacts on the vegetation of the sub-Antarctic islands and may encourage the dispersal and establishment of the resilient invasive grass P. annua (Frenot et al . 1998). Notes Two forms of P. annua are well known: an annual subtype that exhibits a short vegetative growth stage, followed by prolific flowering, and a perennial subtype that may have specific periods of flowering in spring and strong vegetative growth for the remainder of the growing season and could live for several years (Tutin 1957, in Chwedorzewska 2008). Geographical range Poa annua is one of the most widely distributed species in the world. It is of probable European origin and grows in polar as well as equatorial regions (Fenner 1985, in Chwedorzewska 2008). Introduction pathways to new locations Ignorant possession: The number of tourists visiting the Antarctic Treaty Area is growing every year, and now well exceeds the number of scientists and support staff (Stonehouse 1992, in Chwedorzewska 2008). Other: Seeds of Poa annua are potentially spread in bird faeces or on feathers (Bergstrom & Smith 1990). It is likely that seabirds transported P. annua seeds to Heard Island from Kerguelen (Frenot et al . 2001, in Scott & Kirkpatrick 2005). Local dispersal methods Consumption/excretion: Dispersed in mud and dung (Dean et al . 1994). Hikers' clothes/boots: Grass seeds may be spread into previously pristine habitats by adhering to the boots or clothes of walkers (Gaston Chown & Bradley 2002). For example, the species is believed to have been spread to King George Island from boot dust (Olech 1996) Natural dispersal (local): According to a study on Heard Island the average rate of spread of P. annua at two moraine (glacial debris) sites between 1987 and 2000 was 100 m y 1 (Scott & Kirkpatrick 2005). On animals: Reindeer have major impacts on the vegetation of the sub-Antarctic Islands and may encourage the dispersal and establishment of the more resilient invasive grass, Poa annua (Frenot et al . 2005). Management information Chemical : In relation to turf management, ethofumesate (Nortron or Expo 500) can be used to kill annual poa in ryegrass turf. Pendimethalin (Stomp) can be fairly safely applied over most turf to kill annual poa as it germinates. A growth regulator called paclobutrazol is now being marketed in Australia to help with management of annual poa in turf. In gardens, paths and waste areas annual poa is susceptible to most herbicides. Selective grass herbicides such as fluazifop (Fusilade) can give very poor control of this particular grass; haloxyfop (Gallant) is the best to use (Massey University 2008). Cultural : Good cultural practices tend to be the best way of dealing with annual poa on turfs. Techniques to relieve soil compaction and aerate the soil will help desirable species compete well with annual poa. Summer irrigation may assist annual poa. Excess phosphate should be avoided. Dense swards of the desired turf species will stop new poa seedlings establishing, especially in autumn when germination of new annual poa seedlings will be greatest (Massey University 2008). Reproduction Although many grasses flower only in spring or summer annual poa can flower at any time of the year. Even in closely mown lawns, annual poa is able to produce seed heads and return many seeds to the soil ready to start a new generation of plants (Massey University 2008). It has been estimated that annual poa seed densities are commonly 200 000 per square metre in infested lawns, which is equivalent to 20 seeds in every square centimetre (Massey University 2008). Lifecycle stages Establishment of new plants can occur at any time of the year, though it is less likely under dry conditions. This weed is usually an annual dying once it has set seed. The typical life cycle in New Zealand is to establish in late autumn and to finish seeding and die off in spring once it starts getting too dry. Annual poa may be found in lawns at any time of the year if summer irrigation is sufficient to allow it (Massey University 2008). The species typically takes on a perennial habit in the Sub-antarctic although it is usually an annual in temperate locations (Scott & Kirkpatrick 2005). Compiled by: IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) with support from the EU-funded South Atlantic Invasive Species project, coordinated by the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) To contribute information, please contact Shyama Pagad. Last Modified: Tuesday, 24 March 2009 The Global Invasive Species Database is managed by the Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) of the IUCN Species Survival Commission. It was developed as part of the global initiative on invasive species led by the Global Invasive Species Programme (GISP) and is supported through partnerships with the National Biological Information Infrastructure, Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research and the University of Auckland. Conditions of use .

Following modified from Malezas de Mexico, CONABIO

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http://conabioweb.conabio.gob.mx/malezasdemexico/poaceae/poa-annua/FICHAS/0PAGINA1.HTM ---> http://www.conabio.gob.mx/institucion/notfound/doctos/notfound.html       Conabio Para ver correctamente esta página su navegador debe soportar CSS No podemos encontrar esa página Lo sentimos lo que intentó buscar no fue encontrado en nuestro sitio. Recuerde que la estructura del sito cambió desde el 30 de abril de 2002, para reportar una liga inexistente por favor, escriba un mensaje a conabio@xolo.conabio.gob.mx . Presione aquí para nuestro mapa del sitio y búsqueda o vaya a nuestra página principal .   We can’t find that page. We are sorry, the page you attempted to find was not found on Conabio’s site, Remember that the structure site was change since april 29th, 2002, to report a broken link, please send a message to conabio@xolo.conabio.gob.mx . Click here to our Site Map and Search or go to our home page site .

Following modified from Taiwan Biodiversity National Information Network

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　 Kingdom Plantae    Phylum Magnoliophyta    Class Liliopsida    Order Cyperales    Family Poaceae    Genus Poa     Poa annua    L., 1753  Provider: Ching-I Peng  Synonyms： Poa annua aquatica ,  Poa annua reptans ,  Citation: Flora of Taiwan 2nd ed. 5: 386, 2000  Name Code: 201649 Suggested Link    Discover Life    Flora of Taiwan 2nd eBooks (National Taiwan University)   User Response:      　

Following modified from CalPhotos

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CalPhotos     Photo Database   Number of matches : 14 Query: SELECT * FROM img WHERE ready=1 and taxon like "Poa annua%" and (lifeform != "specimen_tag" OR lifeform != "Plant") ORDER BY taxon Click on the thumbnail to see an enlargement Poa annua Bluegrass ID: 0000 0000 0202 0318 [detail] © 2002 Ann Dennis Poa annua Bluegrass ID: 0000 0000 0302 0135 [detail] © 2002 Julie Kierstead Nelson Poa annua Bluegrass ID: 0000 0000 0202 0024 [detail] © 2002 Dean Wm. Taylor Poa annua Bluegrass ID: 0000 0000 0202 0317 [detail] © 2002 Ann Dennis Poa annua Bluegrass ID: 0000 0000 0202 0316 [detail] © 2002 Ann Dennis Poa annua Bluegrass ID: 0000 0000 0202 0319 [detail] © 2002 Ann Dennis Poa annua Annual Blue Grass ID: 0000 0000 1104 0081 [detail] © 2004 Carol W. Witham Poa annua Annual Blue Grass ID: 0000 0000 0105 2328 [detail] © 2005 Louis-M. Landry Poa annua Annual Blue Grass ID: 0000 0000 0105 2329 [detail] © 2005 Louis-M. Landry Poa annua Annual Blue Grass ID: 0000 0000 0105 2330 [detail] © 2005 Louis-M. Landry Poa annua Annual Blue Grass ID: 0000 0000 0105 2331 [detail] © 2005 Louis-M. Landry Poa annua ID: 3333 3333 1007 1063 [detail] © University and Jepson Herbaria Poa annua ID: 0000 0000 0208 0350 [detail] © 2008 Keir Morse Poa annua Annual Bluegrass ID: 0000 0000 0110 0779 [detail] © 2010 Neal Kramer Using these photos: A variety of organizations and individuals have contributed photographs to CalPhotos. Please follow the usage guidelines provided with each image. Use and copyright information, as well as other details about the photo such as the date and the location, are available by clicking on the [detail] link under the thumbnail. See also: Using the Photos in CalPhotos .    Copyright © 1995-2010 UC Regents. All rights reserved. CalPhotos is a project of BSCIT     University of California, Berkeley