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Sphyrna tiburo (Linnaeus, 1758) Bonnethead

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Higher taxa:  Life   Vertebrata   Fish   Sphyrnidae   Sphyrna   Global map IDnature guides: Fish, Fish_species_NCSM, SFTEP We parsed the following live from the Web into this page. Such content is managed by its original site and not cached on Discover Life. Please send feedback and corrections directly to the source. See original regarding copyrights and terms of use. CalPhotos FishBase

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© Copyright Ross Robertson, 2006 Sphyrna tiburo	© Copyright Ross Robertson, 2006 Sphyrna tiburo
© Copyright Ross Robertson, 2006 Sphyrna tiburo	© Copyright Ross Robertson, 2006 Sphyrna tiburo

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Overview

Main identification features hammer semicircular mouth very curved, reaches eye level A small hammerhead shark with a very narrow shovel-shaped head, thus lacking the prominent lateral-blade extensions of other hammerheads; width of head 18-25% (usually <21%) of total length; front margin of head broadly convex and without indentations; length before mouth about 40% of head width; enlarged molariform teeth at back of jaws; first dorsal fin moderately large and erect, its rear margin concave; second dorsal fin base about half length of anal fin base; origin of second dorsal fin above middle of anal fin. Grey or grey brown on back and sides, whitish below. Maximum size about 150 cm; size at birth 35-40 cm. A common inshore hammerhead ranging into shallow estuaries. From the intertidal zone to at least 80 m depth. Western Atlantic and eastern Pacific (Southern California to Peru, the Revillagigedos Islands). Attributes Abundance: Common. Cites: Not listed. Climate Zone: North Temperate (Californian Province &/or Northern Gulf of California); Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap); Northern Tropical (Mexican Province to Nicaragua + Revillagigedos); Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo); South Temperate (Peruvian Province ). Depth Range Max: 80 m. Depth Range Min: 0 m. Diet: mobile benthic crustacea (shrimps/crabs); mobile benthic gastropods/bivalves; Pelagic crustacea; sea-stars/cucumbers/urchins; octopus/squid/cuttlefish; bony fishes. Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=33; Southern limit=-6; Western limit=-118; Eastern limit=-78; Latitudinal range=39; Longitudinal range=40. Egg Type: Live birth; No pelagic larva. Feeding Group: Carnivore. FishBase Habitat: Demersal. Global Endemism: New world (East Pacific + West Atlantic); East Pacific + Atlantic (East +/or West); Transisthmian (East Pacific + Atlantic of Central America); TEP non-endemic; All species. Habitat: Mud; Sand & gravel; Water column; Soft bottom (mud, sand,gravel, beach, estuary & mangrove); Freshwater; Estuary. Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Inshore Only. IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed. Length Max: 150 cm. Regional Endemism: Island (s); Continent; Continent + Island (s); Eastern Pacific non-endemic; Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) non-endemic; All species. Residency: Resident. Salinity: Brackish; Marine. Water Column Position: Bottom; Mid Water; Near Bottom; Bottom + water column;

Names

Scientific source:       Integrated Taxonomic Information System

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Fishbase Catalog of Fishes Integrated Taxonomic Information System

References

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Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes., The John Hopkins University Press:471-498. Compagno, L.J.V., 1984., Sharks of the World. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2. Carcharhiniformes. FAO Species Catalogue., FAO Fish. Synop. No 125, 4(2):251-655. Eschmeyer , W. N. , Herald , E. S. and Hamman, H., 1983., A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America from the Gulf of Alaska to Baja California. Peterson Field Guide Ser. 28., Houghton Mifflin:336pp. Findley, L.T., Hendrickx, M.E., Brusca, R.C., van der Heiden, A.M., Hastings, P.A., Torre, J., 2003., Diversidad de la Macrofauna Marina del Golfo de California, Mexico., CD-ROM versión 1.0. Projecto de la Macrofauna del Golfo .  Derechos reservados de los autores y Conservación Internacional. Fischer , W. , Krup , F. , Schneider , W. , Sommer , C. , Carpenter , K. E. and Niem, V. H., 1995., Guia FAO para la Identificacion de Especies de para los fines de la Pesca. 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Jimenez-Prado, P., Béarez, P., 2004., Peces marinos del Ecuador continental / Marine fishes of continental Ecuador., SIMBIOE/NAZCA/IFEA tomo 1 y 2. Jordan, D.S., 1895., The fishes of Sinaloa., Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 2), 5:377-514. Linnaeus, C., 1758., Systema Naturae, Ed. X. (Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata.) Holmiae., Systema Nat. ed. 10, 1:1-824. Lopez , M. I. and Bussing, W. A., 1982., Lista provisional de los peces marinos de la Costa Rica., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 30(1):5-26. Love, M.S., Mecklenburg, C.W., Mecklenburg, T.A., Thorsteinson, L.K., 2005., es of the West Coast and Alaska: a checklist of North Pacific and Artic Ocena species from Baja California to the Alaska-Yukon border., U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, 288pp. Meek , S.E. and Hildebrand, S.F., 1923., The marine fishes of Panama. Part I., Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser. Publ., XV:1-330. Minckley, W.L., 2002., Fishes of the lowermost colorado river, its delta, and estuary: a commentary on biotic change. En: Lozano-Vilano, M. L. (Ed.). Libro Jubilar en Honor al Dr. Salvador Contreras Balderas., Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León:63-78. Ramírez Rodríguez, M., 1997., Producción pesquera en la Bahía de La Paz, B.C.S.. En Urbán Ramírez, J. y M. Ramírez Rodríguez (Eds.). La Bahía de La Paz investigación y conservación., Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur:273-282. Rubio , R. E. A. and Estupiñan, F., 1990., Ictiofauna del Parque Nacional Natural Sanquianga, un Analisis de su Estructura y Perspectivas para su Manejo., Memorias del VII Seminario Nacional de las Ciencias y Tecnologías del Mar. Comisión Colombiana de Oceanografía. Bogota, Colombia., :660-670. Rubio, E.A., 1986., Notas sobre la ictiofauna de la Isla de Gorgona, Colombia., Boletin Ecotropica. Univ. Bog. Jorge Tadeo Lozano, 13:86-112. Rubio, E.A., 1988., Estudio taxonomico de la ictiofauna acompañante del camaron en areas costeras del Pacifico de Colombia., Memorias del VI Seminario Nacional de las Ciencias del Mar. Comisión Colombiana de Oceanografía. Bogota, Colombia., :169-183. Starks, E. C., 1906., On a Collection of fishes made by P. O. Simons in Ecuador and Peru., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 30:761-800. Van der Heiden , A. M. and Findley, L. 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Acknowledgements

Ross Robertson, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.