Prenanthes trifoliata




Photographer: W. H. Duncan 1976 Flat Top Rock Photograph: courtesy of The University of Georgia Copyright: Department of Botony, University of Georgia Athens all rights reserved.



Webpage by: Belinda A. Cochran
Major: Microbiology
Ecology 3500 Student
UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA

Authority
Common Names
Higher Taxa
Identification
Natural Communities
Geography
Geomorphological Divisions
Natural History
How to Encounter
References


P. trifoliloata has a stem stout of 4.5-12dm or taller. The leaves on trifoliolata are glabrous on top and sometimes a little hairy underneath, varying in size and shape. It is written in the Manual of Vascular Flora of the Southeastern United States "the lower ones are long-petiolated, pinnately or palmately few-lobed,usually rather deeply so, or trifoliolate and again cleft, varying to occasionally hastate and merely toothed, the middle and upper ones progressively smaller, less petiolate, and less cut." Cronquist wrote that the inflorescance is elongate-paniculiform, with heads that are nodding involucre at 10-14 mm high, with 7-9 principle bracts.


Authority




  • (Cassini) Fernald

Common Names




  • Gall-of-The-Earth
  • Lion's Foot
  • Rattlesnake Root

Higher Taxa




SYNONOMY: Nabalus trifoliatus

Identification



GROWTH FORM: Dicot-herb

  1. LEAF ARRANGEMENT:reduced outer involucral bracts lanceovate to ovate
  2. LEAF TYPE: glabrous above, paler & sometimes hairy underneath
  3. LEAF MARGIN: "lower ones are long-petioled, pinnately,or palmately few-lobed
  4. LEAF VENATION: pinnate
  5. LEAF SHAPE & SIZE: Highly Variable
  6. INOFLORESCENCE:nodding heads
  7. FLOWER MEROUS: 9-13
  8. FLOWER COLOR: white, yellowish, sometimes purple
  9. NUTLETS 5-6mm long
  10. PAPPUS yellowish tan, 6-7mm long
  11. OUTER BRACTS triangular-ovate (out standing characteristic that most sets trifoliolata apart from other species of Prenanthes)


Natural Communities


  • Pine Mixed Hardwoods
  • Mixed Hardwoods
  • Bottomland Woods

Geography



U.S. Distribution

Site Maps

South Carolina Sites


Geomorphological Divisions



AREASTATUSREFERENCES
North AmericaYESState Plant Distribution Map
Eastern North AmericaYESState Plant Distribution Map
Southeastern United StatesWidespreadState Plant Distribution Map
Southeastern Appalation StatesWidespreadState Plant Distribution Map
Coastal PlainMarginalVascular Flora of the Southeastern U.S.
PiedmontYESVascular Flora of the Southeastern U.S.
Blue Ridge MountainsWidespreadCastanea
Great Smoky Mountain National ParkYESCastanea
Ridge and ValleyYESCastanea
Cumberland PlateauNot AvailableNot Available
GeorgiaYESVascular Flora of the Southeastern U.S.
Clark County GeorgiaNot AvailableNot Available




Natural History


The natural history for trifoliolata is mostly unfounded: trifoliolata can be seen late summer to fall. Its growth habit is herbaceous forb or herb. It is a perennial plant that particularly likes sandy soil. Prenanthes trifoliolata is a species found to grow at a high density occupying from 50 to 91% and 27 to 75% of the ground cover studied along the Southern Appalachian Mountains. The flowers on the plant are often purplish and generally found with minute white, waxy appearing paillae that may also have black-dots. Flowers for this species are from 9 to 13, colored white or grayish, and sometimes found as a pale lavender.

How to Encounter


Trifoliolata can be found along wooded slopes and road banks of eastern states from Maine to Georgia. It is often found along the coast of NC, and in the mountains of NC, TN, and North GA.



References



  • Cronquist. 1980. Vascular flora of the southeastern United States. The University of North Carolina Press. Chapel Hill,NC.
  • Gleason,H.A. Ph.D.,. 1952. Illuatrated Flora of the Northeastern United States And Adjacent Canada. Lancaster Press, Inc.. Lancaster,PA.
  • Gleason, H. A. Ph.D. & Cronquist, Ph.D..1963. Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. D. Van Norstrand Company, Inc. Canada.
  • Radford, A. E., H. E. Ahles & C. R. Bell.1968. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. University of North Carolina Press. Chapel Hill, NC.
  • Elliott,K.J. & Hewitt,D.. 1997 Forest Species Diversity in Upper Elevation Hardwood Forests in the Southern Appalachian Mountains. Castanea, The Journal of the Southern Appalachian Botanical Society. Vol. 62 No.1
  • http://plants.usda.gov/plantproj/plants/cgi_bin/fr_qurymen.cgi
  • http://cricket.biol.sc.edu/herb/doc21/07.gif
  • http://www.memorialecosystems.com/plants.htm
  • http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/b98/check98.htm