Author: Kwon, Sam Soonchae
Higher taxon: JUGLANDACEAE, The Walnut family.
Description:
Juglandaceae:
Habit Deciduous trees.
Leaves Alternate, Pinnately compound, aromatic;
without stipules.
Flowers Apetalous, unisexual. Staminate flowers with
a variable number of bracts and a calyz of 3 to 6 sepals; androecium of
3 to 100 stamens. Pistillate flowers with a number of bracts and a calyx
of 4 sepals. Gynoecium- a compound pistil of 2 to 3 united carpels, with
1 locule, ovule 1, ovary inferior, stigmas 2, often plumose.
Fruit drupe-like nut with dehiscent
or indehiscent leathery husk or winged nutlet.(Jones,319)
"Fruit with indehiscent husk and sculptured shell; ament single;
pith of young branchlets chambered..........................................................................................1.
Juglands.
Fruit with dehiscent or partly dehiscent husk and smooth or uneven,
shell; aments fascicled; pith of young branchlets continous.........................................2.
Carya."(Radford, 1968)
1. JUGLANDS L. Walnut
"Trees with glandular
twigs and chambered pith. Leaflets 7-19, lanceolate or ovate shaped, 3-15
cm long, 1.5-5.5 cm wide, pubescent beneath, acuminate, serrate, base rounded,
oblique, or cordate, sessile or subses sile. Staminate flowers bracteate,
pedicellate, in elongate, pendulous catkins, calyx 3-6 lobed, stamens usually
numerous, filaments short or absent. Pistillate flowers bracteate sessile,
solitary or in few-flowered spikes, caylx 4 parted, stigmas and s tyles
2, ovary surrounded by cup-shaped involucre. Fruit large, drupaceous."
(Radford, 362)
"Fruit subglobose; pith light brown ...........................................................1.
J. nigra, Black Walnut.
Fruit ellipsoid, subcylindric, or ovoid; pith dark brown..............................2.
J. cinerea, Butternut."(Radford, 1968)
Species Lists:
Juglands L.- WALNUT
*Click on bold faced species to see more. . .
General Information:
Wind pollination is these
trees have become adapted to, therefore the stamens and stigma on these
trees are numerously present inorder to catch pollen. Members of this genus
have one seeded fruits with the seed r emain inside the fruit for dissemination.
They also develop large fruits or nuts primarily for animal dissemination
from animals such as the squirrel. These seeds usually live only for one
winter season, therefore they must not dry out; so the squirrels , for
example, will bury them in moist grounds. These nuts have an adherent husk
for protection, however, there priciple function is not known to be either
for the prevention of drying out or injury in falling from the trees. There
are great economical importance in the Juglands genera. J. nigra
have valuble wood use in making fine furniture, interior panels, gunstock,
and are found in candy and cakes. The J. cinerea also have valuable
economic importance for their nut. Many of t he trees in the Juglands
genera are found in rich woods, scattered throughout the eastern United
States (Va., Ga., Fla., Miss., Tenn., Ky., W. Va.). The J. cinerea
are chiefly found in mountain areas. (Chenoweth,47)
References:
Chenoworth, B. 1995. Black Walnut. Sagamore Publishing. Champaign,
IL. pages 47-50.
Holmgren, P.K., Keuken W. & E.K. Schofield. Index Hervariorum I. Frans A Stafleu, Utrecht, Neitherlands (ISBN 90-313-04786). pages 384.
Jones, S. B. & A.E. Luchsinger. 1986. Plant Systemics. Dept. of
Botany, University of Georgia. Athens, Ga. (ISBN 0-07-032796-3). pages
319.
Radford, A.E. , H.E. Ahles & C.R. Bell. 1968. Manual of the Vasular
Flora of the Carolinas. University of North Carolina Press. Chapel Hill,
NC.
