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Page 1111
Top-1+1OriginalDatabase of Hymenoptera in America north of MexicoHighertaxa

Superfamily EVANIOIDEA
Family AULACIDAE

The approximately 150 species of this small family are distributed throughout the world. All
are thought to be parasites of wood boring Coleoptera or Hymenoptera.

Revision: Bradley, 1902 (1901). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 27: 319-330 (date according to Ent.
News 13: 94). -Townes, 1950. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 100: 87-120.



1112 Hy menoptera in America North of Mexico

Taxonomy: Hedicke, 1939. Hym. Cat., pt. 10, 28 p. (world catalog). -Townes, 1950. U. S.
Natl. Mus., Proc. 100: 85-86 (phyletic position). — Crosskey, 1951. Roy. Ent. Soc. London,
Trans. 102: 249. -Crosskey, 1953. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (12) 6: 758-759.

Biology: Crosskey, 1951. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 102: 285.

Morphology: Short, 1959. Ent. Monthly Mag. 95: 217-219 (final-instar larva).

Genus PRISTAULACUS Kieffer

AidacoHtethuH Philippi, 1873. Stettin. Ent. Ztg. 34: 302. Preocc. by Waterhouse, 1869 and
Uhler, 1871.

Type-species: AitlacoNtetliiis rubri center Philippi. Monotypic.
PriataulacHs Kieffer, 1900 (1899). Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. 68: 813.

Type-species: Pristaulacus clilapowfikii Kieffer. Desig. by Kieffer, 1903.
Demiodontus Bradley, 1901. Ent. Student 2: 29.

Type-species: Aiilacits ))(onfa)iHs Cresson. Included and desig. by Bradley, 1902.
Olei>iopristey Bradley, 1902 (1901). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 27: 324.

Type-species: Aiilaciis JhiHiis Cresson. Orig. desig.
Auaulacus Semenov, 1903. Rev. Russe d'Ent. 3: 173. Preocc. by MacLeay, 1825.

Type-species: Aidacus sibiricola Semenov. Monotypic.
Sevteuowia Kieffer, 1903. In Andre, Spec. Hym. Eur. Alg., v. 7 (2nd), p. 382, 720. N. name

for A>ianlaciis Semenov; preocc. by Weise, 1889.
Odoutaulacns Kieffer, 1903. In Andre, Spec. Hym. Eur. Alg. 7 (2nd), p. 382.

Type-species: Aitlacus rnfitarsis (Bresson. Desig. by Bradley, 1908.
Interatilacus Bradley, 1908. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 34: 123.

Type-species: Intemnlacas kiefferi Bradley. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Setnenovius Bradley, 1908. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 34: 123. N. name for Anaulacus

Semenov and Se)ne)iowia Kieffer.
Tropaiilacu!^ Bradley, 1908. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 34: 120, 125.

Type-species: Tropaitlacus torridiis Bradley. Monotypic and orig. desig.
PristanlacuN subg. Neaiilocus Bradley, 1908. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 34: 126.

Type-species: AulaciiN occidentalis Cresson. Orig. desig.
Dimulacinus Kieffer, 1910. Soc. Ent. de France, Bui. 15: 350.

Type-species: Di.saulaci)U(N Jlaviinanus Kieffer. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Kieffer, 1911.
Tetmitlacinus Kieffer, 1910. Soc Ent. de France, Bui. 15: 350.

Type-species: Pristiialacns rufobalteatus Cameron. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Kieffer, 1911.
Psilaulacns Kieffer, 1910. Soc. Ent. de France, Bui. 15: 350.

Type-species: Puilaulacus annulatus Kieffer. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Kieffer, 1911.

Members of this large genus presumably occur throughout the forested regions of the world.

Pristaulacus arizonicus (Townes)
Southeastern Ariz.

Anlacostethiin arizonicus Townes, 1950. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 100: 98. ♀.

Pristaulacus bilobatus (Provancher)
N. S. s. to w. N. C, w. to Wis. Ecology: Often associated with Tsuga.
Host: Melanophila fulvoguttata (Harris).

Anlacus bilobatus Provancher, 1878. Nat. Canad. 10: 237. ♂.

Pristaulacus californicus (Townes)
Northern Calif. Host: Parati)nia conicola Fisher.

Aulacostethus californicus Townes, 1950. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 100: 101. ♂, ♀.

Pristaulacus canadensis (Townes)
Maine, s. Man.

Aulacostethus canadensis Townes, 1950. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 100: 102. ♂, ♀.

Pristaulacus editus (Cresson)
Northern Mich., s. B. C, Wash., n. Calif. Host: Chrysophana placida (LeC),
Parafiniia conicola Fisher.

Aulacus editus Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: v in Proc. 9.

Pristaulacus fasciatus (Say)
Pa., D. C, Ohio, Mich., Ind., Mo., Ark. Ecology: One specimen in the U. S. Natl.
Museum collection emerged from Carya wood.
Aulacus fasciatus Say, 1829. Contrib. Maclurian Lyceum to Arts and Sci. 1: 67. ♀.



Superfamily EVANIOIDEA 1113

Pristaulacus flavicrurus (Bradley)
Vt. w. to n. Mich., s. to n.w. S. C. and 111.

Deraiodontm flavicrurufi Bradley, 1902 (1901). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 27: 322. ♀.
Pristaulacioi flai'ipefi Kieffer, 1904. Arkiv for Zool. 1: 559. ♂.

Pristaulacus foxleei (Townes)
Western Mont., n. Idaho, s. B. C, Wash., Oreg., n. Calif. Host: Leptura
obliterata Hald.
Aulacostethiis foxleei Townes, 1950. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 100: 107. ♂, ♀.

Pristaulacus melleus (Cresson)
Nev., w. Wash., Oreg., n. Calif.

AnIacHs uiellens Cresson, 1879. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 7: 255. ♀.
Aitlacus Connors Cresson, 1879. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 7: 255. ♂.
PriHtaidacmfemigineus Kieffer, 1904. Soc d'Hist. Nat. de Metz, Bui. (2) 11: 29. ♀.

Pristaulacus minor (Cresson)
Northwestern Wyo., n. Utah, n.w. Mont., n. Idaho, s. B. C, Wash., Oreg., n.
Calif. Host: Se)nanotHs liynetis (F.), Melanophila driminiondi (Kby.), M. intnim Horn.
Aulacua uiinor Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: vi in Proc.

Pristaulacus montanus (Cresson)
Southern B. C. s. to Nev. and s. Calif. Host: Xylotrechus nauticus
(Mann.), CIni/sobothris sp.
AiilacHs )no)it(niit.s Cresson, 1879. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 7: 256. ♀.
Deraiodontusftoicalattis Bradley, 1902 (1901). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 27: 321. ♀.
PristaulacuN (OleiHoprinter) de)itatus Bradley, 1908. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 34: 126. ♂.

Pristaulacus niger (Shuckard)
revised status. N. S. w. to Man. and Colo., s. to s. Fla. and Tex. Ecology:
Occurs on dead pine trees.
AulacuH ni(jer Shuckard, 1841 (June). Entomologist 1: 124. Sex not indicated.
AulacuH ater Westwood, 1841 (Sept.). Ann. Nat. Hist. 7: 538. ♀.
AiilacHs Abboftii Westwood, 1841 (Sept.). Ann. Nat. Hist. 7: 538. ♀.
PristaulacHs [PriKtaulacus] hopkiusii Bradley, 1908. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 34: 127. ♀.

The variant speUing hopki)isi also appeared on p. 127 (key).
PristanlacHs aterriniux Kieffer, 1911. Soc Ent. de France, Ann. 80: 230. Unnecessary n.
name for Aitlacus ater Westwood, the latter not being preocc. by A. ater
Guerin-Meneville, 1844.
Pristaulacus floridam Rohwer, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 45: 534. ♀.

Taxonomy: Westwood, 1843. Ent. Soc London, Trans. 3: 265-266. —Townes, 1950. U. S. Natl.

Mus., Proc. 100: 95-96.

Pristaulacus occidentalis
***authority mismatch
lavatus (Townes). Northern Idaho, s. B. C, w. Wash., Oreg., n. Calif.

Aulacostethus occidentalis lavatus Townes, 1950. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 100: 106. ♂, ♀.

Pristaulacus occidentalis
***authority mismatch
occidentalis (Cresson). Colo., N. Mex., n.w. Wyo., n. Idaho, n. Utah.

Aulacus occidentalis Cresson, 1879. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 7: 255. ♀.

Pristaulacus oregonus (Townes)
Western Oreg.

Aulacostethus oregonus Townes, 1950. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 100: 96. ♂, ♀.

Pristaulacus pacificus (Cresson)
Colo., n. Idaho, s. B. C, Wash., w. Oreg.

Aulacus pacificus Cresson, 1879. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 7: 256. ♀.

Pristaulacus resutorivorus (Westwood)
Que. w. to s. B. C, s. to n. Va., Colo., and n. Calif. Host: Arhopalus
productus (LeC.)?
Aulacus Resutorirorus Westwood, 1851. Ent. Soc London, Trans. (2) 1: 224. ♀.
Aulacus firm us Cresson, 1879. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 7: 256. ♀.
Aulacus subfirmus Bradley, 1901. Ent. Student 2: 31. [female]. Published as A. subfirmus

"Viereck," but validated in key written by Bradley.
Oleisoprister subfirmus Viereck, 1902 (1901). In Bradley, Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 27: 325.
9. Preocc. in Pristaulacus by Bradley, 1901.

Pristaulacus rufitarsis (Cresson)
Que. w. to Alaska, s. to w. N. C, Minn., N. Mex., and n. Calif. Host:
Grapliisurus sp., Saperda calcarata Say, Chrysobothris caurina Horn, Melanophila
dntmniondi (Kby.), M.fulvoguttata (Harris).
Aulacus rufitarsis Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc 3: 134. ♀.
Aulacus abdominalis Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: v in Proc 9.
Aulacus erythrogaster Kieffer, 1904. Arkiv for Zool. 1: 561. ♂, ♀.
Odontaulacus spinosipes Kieffer, 1910. Soc Ent. de France, Ann. 79: 79. ♀.

Pristaulacus stigmaterus (Cresson)
Que. s. to n. Ga., w. to Mich, and Mo.

Aulacus stigmaterus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 134. ♀.




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Pristaulacun piDictaticep.s Kieffer, 1910. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. 79: 78. ♀.

Pristaulacus strangaliae Rohwer
N. S. s. to n. Va., w. to s. Man.

Pristaulacns strangaliae Rohwer, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 157. ♀.

PristaulacHu (Oleisoprister) taughunk Bradley, 1926. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 21: 173. ♀.

Pristaulacm (Oleisoprister) glabrescens Bradley, 1926. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 21: 174. ♀.

Pristaulacus torridus (Bradley)
Southern Tex.

TropaulacH.'i torridn.s Bradley, 1908. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 34: 125. ♀.

Pristaulacus violaceus (Bradley)
D. C, Va., s. Ohio.

Deraiodotitus violaceus Bradley, 1905. Ztschr. System. Hym. Dipt. 5: 26. ♂, ♀.

Genus AULACUS Jurine

^h/«c((.s Jurine, 1801. In Panzer, Litteratur-Ztg. Erlangen, Intelligenzbl. 1: 163. Nomen

nudum.
Aitlacus Jurine, 1807. Nouv. Method. Class. Hym. Dipt., v. 1, p. 89.

Type-species: Aniaciis striatiis Jurine. Monotypic
Aitlacus subg. Aulacinus Westwood, 1869 (1868). Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 16: 331.

Type-species: Aitlacus (Aulacinus) vioerens Westwood. Monotypic.
Paniuiegiscliia Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13: 302.

Type-species: Paiinnegiscliia burqitei Provancher. Monotypic.
Parafoenus Kieffer, 1910. Soc. Ent. de France, Bui. 15: 350.

Type-species: Parafoenus fonnosus Kieffer. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Kieffer, 1911.
Neuraulacinits Kieffer, 1910. Soc Ent. de France, Bui. 15: 350.

Type-species: Neuraulacinus braconifonnis Kieffer. Desig. by Kieffer, 1912 from
three species included by Kieffer, 1911.
Micraulacinits Kieffer, 1910. Soc. Ent. de France, Bui. 15: 350.

Type-species: Micraulacinus elegans Kieffer. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Kieffer, 1911.
Pycnaulacus Cushman, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 76 (25): 17.

Type-species: Pycnaulacus brericaudits Cushman. Monotypic and orig. desig.

Members of this moderate-sized genus presumably occur throughout the forested regions of
the world.

Aulacus aneurus Walkley
Southern N. Mex. Host: Dendroctonus sp.?, D. adjunct us Bland.? Muesebeck
(1958) cited Dendroctonus sp. as a host without query, but none of the specimens in the
U. S. Natl. Museum collection are known to have been reared from Dendroctonus; notes
in the Hopkins file indicate that some of them emerged from trees infested with D.
adjunctus, and that all were associated with Dendroctonus. Because aneurus does not
seem to be too large to be a parasite of D. adjunctus, it seems possible that rearings
will confirm D. adjunctus as a host.
Aulacus aneurus Walkley, 1952. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 54: 185. ♂, ♀.

Biology: Muesebeck, 1958. In Krombein et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, Sup. 1, p. 88.

Aulacus brevicaudus (Cushman)
Southwestern Oreg. s. to n.w. and e.-central Calif. Ecology: Specimens
have been reared from Alnus rlionibifolia and twigs of Salix bearing Euura galls.
Pycnaulacus brericaudits Cushman, 1930 (1929). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 76 (25): 18. ♀.

Aulacus burquei (Provancher)
N. S. s. to Md., w. to Mich. Host: Xipliydria niaculata Say.

Painniegischia Burquei Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13: 303. ♀.

Aulacus digitalis Townes
Mass., Conn., Pa., n. W. Va., n. Ohio. Host: Xipliydria maciilata Say.

Aulacus digitalis Townes, 1950. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 100: 118. ♂, ♀.

Aulacus dispilus Townes
Southern Tex. Ecology: One specimen is reported to have emerged from
Celtis laecigata.
Aulacus dispilus Townes, 1950. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 100: 114. ♀.

Aulacus lovei (Ashmead)
Que., Vt., Mass., N. Y., N. J., Pa., Md. Host: Xipliydria abdominalis Say, X.
clianiplaini Roh., X. tibialis Say.
Pamniegischia Lovei Ashmead, 1901. Canad. Ent. 33: 301. ♀.
Pammegischia ouelletii Bradley, 1902 (1901). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 27: 329. ♂.




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Aulacus pallipes Cresson
N. B. w. to s. B. C, s. to n. Va., Mo., n. Idaho, and n.e. Wash.? Host:

Xiphydria )nellipes Harris. In the U. S. Natl. Museum collection there are two females
from Metaline Falls, Wash, (a locality cited for pallipes in Townes' [1950] revision of the
Aulacidae) which are less melanistic than other pallipes specimens in the collection.
They bear Hopkins no. 21306, the card for which indicates that they were collected
while ovipositing in Pseudotsuga 7)ie7iziesii infested by Buprestis sp. P. menziesii is not
known to be a host for any Xiphydriidae.

Aidaciis pallipes Cresson, 1879. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 7: xvii in Proc. cj.

Pammegischia xipliydriae Ashmead, 1901 (Nov. 8). Canad. Ent. 33: 300. ♀.

Pammegischia Weedi Ashmead, 1901 (Nov. 8). Canad. Ent. 33: 301. ♂.

Paiiiviegischia xiphydriae Ashmead, 1901 (Nov. [31]). Ent. News 12: 278. ♀. Preocc. by
Ashmead, 1901 (Nov. 8), which is based upon the same holotype.

Aulacus pallidipes Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 1061. Emend.

PaDintegiscliia aslnneadi Bradley, 1908. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 34: 122. ♀.

Pajxniegischia viinnesotae Bradley, 1908. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 34: 122. ♂.


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