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Superfamily SCOLIOIDEA
Family SAPYGIDAE

All of the known records confirm that members of this family are parasitic in the nests of
other aculeate Hymenoptera. The sapygid egg is apparently inserted through the cell closure in
the host nest and usually hatches before the host egg. The newly hatched larvae of Sapi/ga cen-
trata Say, S. louisi Krombein and S. pumila Cresson destroy the host egg and then develop on
the pollen stored by the host bee; the larvae of S. confluenta Cresson and of Ensapyga rubripes
proxima (Cresson) feed on the host larva after the latter has spun its cocoon. Development to
the adult stage appears to be concurrent with that of the host. Sapygids parasitic on vernal bees
transform to adults late in the summer, as do the host bees, and overwinter in the cocoons,
emerging in the spring.

Revision: Pate, 1947. Acta Zool. Lilloana (Tucuman) 4: 396-402.

Taxonomy: Pate, 1946. Ent. News 57: 219-221 (list of type-species). —Tobias, 1965. Zool.
Zhur. (Moscow) 44: 706-715, 4 figs, (family classification).

Subfamily FEDTSCHENKIINAE

This subfamily includes only the primitive fossorial genus Fedtschenkia Sauss. It has a
disjunct distribution in xeric Holarctic areas, the five described species being known from Turk-
menia, Uzbekistan, Tadzhikistan, Iran, Lebanon, Israel and western United States. Modern Eu-
ropean workers have considered that Fedtschenkia constitutes a separate family based on the
erroneous assumption that it is a free-living fossorial form, probably parasitic on soil-dwelling
larvae as in the Scoliidae. The single North American species of Fedtschenkia is a parasite of
the ground-nesting eumenid wasp, Pterochilus trichogaster Bohart.

Genus FEDTSCHENKIA Saussure

Fedtschenkia Saussure, 1880. In Fedtschenko, Reise in Turkestan, II, Zool. Th., 13
Hymenoptera: Scoliidae, p. 13.

Type-species: Fedtschenkia grossa Saussure. Monotypic.
Cosilella Banks, 1913. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 32: 237.

Type-species: Cosila phitonis Banks. Orig. desig.

Taxonomy: Bradley, 1955. Ent. News 66: 230-233.

Fedtschenkia anthracina (Ashmead)
Wash., Calif., Colo., N. Mex. Ecology: Visits flowers of Chaenactis,
Chorizanthe, Crypiantha, Eriogonum, EriophyllKm, Melilotus and Wislizenia. Host:
Pterocheilus trichogaster Bohart in soil.
Telephoromyia anthracina Ashmead, 1898. Psyche 8: 251. ♂.
Plesia (Myzine) nigropilosella Cameron, 1908. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 34: 237. ♀.
Cosila plutonis Banks, 1913. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 32: 237. ♀.

Biology: Bohart and Schuster, 1972. Pan-Pacific Ent. 48: 149 (host record).

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Subfamily SAPYGINAE

North American species have been reared only from megachilid bees. However, extralimital
species have been reared from Odynerus sens, lat., Anthophora and Xylocopa as well as from
Megachilidae.

Genus SAPYGA Latreille

Sapyga Latreille, 1796. Precis Caract. Ins., p. 134.

Type-species: Scolia quinquepimctaia Fabricius. Desig. by Latreille, 1802.
Melius Fabricius, 1805. Systema Piezatorum, p. xiii.

Type-species: Sapyga sexpunctata (Fabricius). Desig. by Shuekard, 1837.
acuieata Cresson. Minn., Wyo., Colo., Alta, Oreg., Calif, in Transit. Zone. Host: Hoplitis

prodiicta (Cr.), H. producta gracilis (Mich.), H.fulgida platyura (Ckll.), H. hypocrita
(Ckll.), H. sambnci Titus. Parasite: Spliaeroptliahna aviphion (Fox).
Sapyga acuieata Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 450. ♀.
Eusapyga aciculata (!) Hicks, 1934. Univ. Colo. Studies 21: 268.

Biology: Davidson, 1896. Ent. News 7: 218. -Hicks, 1934. Univ. Colo., Studies 21: 268.
— Linsley and Michener, 1942. Pan-Pacific Ent. 18: 28. — Linsley, 1944. Brooklyn Ent. Soc,
Bui. 39: 54. —Parker and Bohart, 1966. Pan-Pacific Ent. 42: 96-97. —Parker and Bohart,
1968. Pan-Pacific Ent. 44: 5.

Sapyga angustata Cresson
Wyo., Colo., Utah, Ariz., Nev., Wash., Oreg., Calif, in Transit, and U. and
L. Sonor. Zones. Host: Osviia atrocyanea Ckll., 0. pikei Ckll., 0. lig^iaria Say.,
Megachile angelarum Ckll.
Sapyga angustata Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: Proc, p. xxi. ♂.
Sapyga moesta Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: Proc, p. xx. ♂.
Sapyga obscura Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: Proc, p. xxi. 9.
Sapyga fulvicomis Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: Proc, p. xxi. ♂.
Sapyga maesta (!) Dalla Torre, 1897. Cat. Hym., v. 8, p. 192.
Sapyga russellensis Roberts, 1929. Psyche 36: 360. ♀.

Biology: Linsley and Michener, 1942. Pan-Pacific Ent. 18: 28. —Linsley, 1944. Brooklyn Ent.
Soc, Bui. 39: 54. -Parker and Bohart, 1966. Pan-Pacific Ent. 42: 97.

Sapyga centrata Say
Ont. south to S. C, W. Va., Ill, Tex. Host: Osmia bucephala Cr., 0. pumila Cr.,
Hoplitis tnmcata (Cr.)?
Sapyga centrata Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 301.
Sapyga americana Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: Proc, p. xx. 9.
Sapyga pelopaei Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 179. ♂.

Biology: Krombein, 1952. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 54: 175. — Krombein, 1967. Trap-nesting
wasps and bees, pp. 479-481 (life History). — Medler, 1967. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 60: 342
(host record).

Sapyga confluenta Cresson
N. H., Colo. Host: Osmia hesperella Ckll., 0. lignaria propinqua Cr., 0.
cor data Robt.
Sapyga confluenta Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: Proc, p. xx. ♂.
Sapyga emarginata Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: Proc, p. xx. 9.

Biology: Hicks, 1934. Univ. Colo., Studies 21: 267-268.

Sapyga elegans Cresson
Colo., Nev., Idaho, Calif., Oreg., U. Sonor. and Transit. Zones. Ecology: Visits
flowers of Arctostapliy las nevadensis.
Sapyga elegans Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: Proc, p. xxi. ♂, ♀.
Sapyga coloradensis Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: Proc, p. xxi. ♂.
Sapyga truncata Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: Proc, p. xxi. ♂.

Biology: Linsley and Michener, 1942. Pan-Pacific Ent. 18: 28.

interrupta Roberts. Colo.

Sapyga interrupta Roberts, 1929. Psyche 36: 359. ♀.

Sapyga louisi Krombein
N. Y., N. J., Fla., Mich., Tex. Host: Heriades carinata Cr.

Sapyga lotdsi Krombein, 1938. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 31: 467. ♂, ♀.

Biology: Matthews, 1965. Amer. Ent. Inst., Contrib. 1, no. 3: 24-26 (life history).

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Sapyga maculata Provancher
Que.

Sapyga maculata Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13: 9. ♀.

Sapyga martinii Smith
Canada, N. H., Colo., Utah, Wye, Wash.

Sapyga martinii Smith, 1855. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 3, p. 117. ♂, ♀.

Sapyga nevadica Cresson
Tex., Utah, Nev., Idaho, Wash., Oreg., Calif. Host: Dianthidium dubium
dilectum Timb.

Sapyga nevadica Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: Proc, p. x.xi. ♂.

Sapyga montana Cresson, 1880. amer. Ent. Soc, Tans. 8: Proc, p. xxi. 9.

Biology: Hurd and Linsley, 1950. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 58: 247.

Sapyga pumila Cresson
Nebr., Colo., N. Mex., Utah, Nev., Alta., Calif. Host: Ashmeadiella aridula
Ckll., A. nieliloti Ckll., Authocopa copelandica (Ckll.), Dianthidiinit consimile (Ashm.),
Megachile rotimdata (F.), Osmia sp., Heriadea variolosa (Cr.).
Sapyga piimila Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: Proc, p. xx. 9.
Sapyga minor Roberts, 1933. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 6: 96. ♂.

Biology: Hicks, 1934. Univ. Colo., Studies 21: 268. —Linsley, 1944. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui.
39: 54. —Parker and Bohart, 1966. Pan-Pacific Ent. 42: 96-97. —Parker and Bohart, 1968.
Pan-Pacific Ent. 44: 3-4. — Torchio, 1972. Melanderia 10: 1-30, 60 figs, (life history, control).
—Parker, 1975. Pan-Pacific Ent. 51: 119 (host).

Morphology: Torchio, 1972. Melanderia 10: 8-10, figs. 26-55 (larval instars, pupa).

Genus EUSAPYGA Cresson

Eusapyga Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: Proc, p. xx.

Type-species: Sapyga rubripes Cresson. Desig. by Ashmead, 1903.

Host records include only the megachilid genus Dianthidium.

Eusapyga californica (Cresson)
Calif.

Sapyga californica Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: Proc, p. xx. ♂.

intermedia Roberts. Calif. Host: Dianthidiuyn sp.

Eusapyga intermedia Roberts, 1929. Psyche 36: 361. ♀.

Eusapyga nigripes (Cresson)
Nev.

Sapyga nigripes Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: Proc, p. xx. ♂.

Eusapyga rubripes
***authority mismatch
Carolina Banks. N. C.

Eusapyga caroliua Banks, 1912. Canad. Ent. 44: 203. ♂.

Eusapyga rubripes
***authority mismatch
proxima (Cresson). Colo., Wyo., Mont. Host: Dianthidium pudicum (Cr.), probably
subsp. decorum Timb.

Sapyga proxima Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: Proc, p. xx. ♂.

Biology: Hicks, 1927. Psyche 34: 193.

Eusapyga rubripes
***authority mismatch
rubripes (Cresson). Tex., Colo. Host: Dianthidium pudicum (Cr.), probably subsp.
decorum Timb.
Sapyga rubripes Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: Proc, p. xx. ♂, ♀.

Biology: Hicks, 1934. Univ. Colo., Studies 21: 268.

Eusapyga verticalis (Cresson)
Nev., Calif, in Transit. Zone. Host: Dianthidium consimile fAshm.), D. u.
ulkei (Cr.).
Sapyga verticalis Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: Proc, p. xx. 9.

Biology: Hicks, 1934. Univ. Colo., Studies 21: 268. —Parker and Bohart, 1966. Pan-Pacific

Ent. 42: 96.

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