London, Trans. 87: 359 (genera and subfamilies). — Maa, 1949. Notes d'Ent. Chinoise (Mus.
Heude) 13: 11-189.

Biology: Hanson, 1939. Bui. Ent. Res. 30: 27-76 (biology and parasites). — Wickman, 1964.
Canad. Ent. 96: 508-510 (measuring populations). —Cameron, 1965. Commonwealth Inst.
Biol. Control, Tech. Bui. 5, 31 pp. (hosts and parasites of Siricinae). — Stillwell, 1966.
Forest Science 12: 121-128 (fungus associations). —Morris, 1967. B. C. Ent. Soc, Jour. 64:
60-63 (Hosts in B. C).

Morphology: Tonapi, 1958. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 110: 492 (spiracular structure and
mechanisms).

Sirex areolatus (Cresson)
Va., Fla.; Colo., N. Mex. w. to B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif. Host: Cupressus
macrocarpa, Junipenis occidentalis, Libocedrus decurrens, Pinus contorta, P.jeffreyi,
P. lambertiana, P. radiata, Pseudotsuga menziesii. Sequoia sempervirens, Taxodium
distictum. Found less frequently on pines than on other hosts. Adventive in Europe
emerging from lumber.

Urocerus areolatus Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 375. ♀.

Sirex gracilis Westwood, 1874. Thesaurus Ent. Oxon, p. 114. ♀.

Urocerus caeruleus Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: 34. ♀.

Sirex apicalis Kirby, 1882. List Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 377. ♂.

Biology: Chamberlin, 1949. Pan-Pacific Ent. 25: 118. — DeLeon, 1952. Pan-Pacific Ent. 28: 85.
—Westcott, 1971. Pan-Pacific Ent. 47: 310 (hosts).

Sirex behrensii (Cresson)
Idaho, Nev., Wash., Oreg., Calif. Host: Cupressus macrocarpa, Pi^ius

Jeffrey i, P. lambertiana, P. pondersa, P. radiata. Adventive in eastern states emerging
from buildings.
Urocerus behrensii Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: 35. ♀.

Morphology: Daly, 1963. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 56: 301.

Sirex cyaneus Fabricius
Newfoundland to B. C. s. to N. C, 111., Kans., N. Mex., Calif; Europe. Host:
Abies balsamea, A. concolor, A. lasiocarpa, Larix europea, L. laricina, Picea glauca,
Pinus spp., Pseudotsuga menziesii. Blue horntail. The relationship between cyaneus
and jtivencus juvencus (L.) needs clarification.

Sirex cyaneus Fabricius, 1781. Species Insectorum, v. 1, p. 419. ♀.

Sirex duplex Shuckard, 1837. Mag. Nat. Hist. (n. s.) 1: 630. ♀, ♂.

Urocerus nitidus Harris, 1841. Rpt. Ins. Mass. Injurious to Veg., p. 391. ♀.

Sirex abbotii Kirby, 1882. List Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 378. ♂.

Sirex hirsutus Kirby, 1882. List Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 380. ♂.

Taxonomy: Benson, 1943. Bui. Ent. Res. 34: 38.

Biology: Chrystal, 1928. Bui. Ent. Res. 19: 219-247 (in England). — Chrystal and Myers, 1928.
Bui. Ent. Res. 19: 67-77 (natural enemies, England). —Chrystal and Myers, 1928. Empire
Forestry Jour. 7: 145-154 (biology and parasites). —Hanson, 1939. Bui. Ent. Res. 30: 27
(parasites, in Britain). —Parkin, 1941. Nature 147: 329 (fungus association). —Parkin, 1942.
Ann. Appl. Biol. 29: 268-274 (fungus association, hypopleural organs).

Sirex edwardsii Brulle
Que. to Ga. and Ala. w. to Sask., Wis., Ark. Host: Picea abies, Pinus
echinata, P. rigida, P. strobus.
Sirex Edwardsii Brulle, 1846. hi Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 645. ♀.
Urocerus zonatus Norton, 1869. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 257. ♂.




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Sirex fulvocinctus Westwood, 1874. Thesaurus Ent. Oxon, p. 114. ♀.
Sirex abaddoji Westwood, 1874. Thesaurus Ent. Oxon, p. 115. ♀.
Pmirurus hopkinsi Ashmead, 1904. Canad. Ent. 36: 64. ♀, ♂.

Sirex juvencus
***authority mismatch
californicus (Ashmead). Alta., Mont., Wye, N. Mex., Utah, w. to B. C, Wash., Oreg.,
Calif.; Mexico. Host: Cnpressus macrocarpa, Larix occidentalis, Pinus contorta, P.
Jeffrey}, P. po7iderosa, Pseudotsiiga menziesii.
Patinirus californicus Ashmead, 1904. Canad. Ent. 36: 64. ♀.
Sirex obesus Bradley, 1913. Jour. Ent. and Zool. 5: 12. ♀.

Taxonomy: Benson, 1963. Ent. Monthly Mag. 98: 252 (a subsp. of juvencus). —Cameron,
1967. Canad. Ent. 99: 18 (male).

Biology: Cameron, 1968. Pan-Pacific Ent. 44: 168 (from bolts of Pinus ponderosa injured by

atmospheric pollution).

Sirex juvencus
***authority mismatch
juvencus (Linnaeus). Labrador, Newfoundland, N. S., N. B., N. J., Yukon, B. C;

Eurasia. Host: Abies balsamea, A. lasiocarpa, Pinus contorta. Recorded from species
oi Abies, Larix, Picea, and Pinus in Europe and Asia. Occasionally intercepted in New
Zealand, Australian, and Philippine ports in lumber. Probably more common in North
America than expected.

Ichneumon juvencus Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., Ed. 10, v. 1, p. 560.

Sirex nigricomis Acerbi, 1802. Trav. North Cape, v. 2, p. 253. Preocc.

Sirex dubia Kirby, 1882. List Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 375. N. name for nigricomis Acerbi.

Sirex australis Kirby, 1882. List Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 383. ♀.

Sirex Leseleuci Toumier, 1890. Ent. Geneve 1: 220.

Paurunis sucineiceps Koornneef, 1935. Tijdschr. Ent. 78: xix.

Sirex juvencus var. atricomis Kjellander, 1945. Kungl. Fysiograf. Sallskap. Lund, Forh.
15: 126.

Taxonomy: Benson, 1943. Bui. Ent. Res. 34: 37. —Benson, 1945. Ent. Monthly Mag. 81: 67-68.
—Benson, 1963. Ent. Monthly Mag. 98: 252.

Biology: Chrystal, 1928. Bui. Ent. Res. 19: 223. — Stillwell, 1966. Forest Science 12: 121-128
(associated fungus, in N. B., N. S.). —Morris, 1967. B. C. Ent. Soc, Jour. 64: 60-63 (hosts
and distribution in B. C. and Yukon).

Sirex longicauda Middlekauff
Idaho, Colo., N. Mex., Utah, w. to Oreg., Calif. Host: Abies concolor,
A. magnifica, Pinus ponderosa, Pseudotsuga menziesii. Adventive in eastern states
emerging from lumber.
Sirex longicauda Middlekauff, 1948. Pan-Pacific Ent. 24: 189. ♀.

Taxonomy: Middlekauff, 1962. Pan-Pacific Ent. 38: 31-32 (male).

Biology: Wickman, 1964. Pan-Pacific Ent. 40: 259-261 (oviposition).
nigricomis Fabricius. Que. to Fla. w. to Sask., Wis., Ohio, Ark., La. Host: Pinus echinata, P.
strobus, P. virginiana.
Sirex 7iigricornis Fabricius, 1781. Species Insectorum, v.l, p. 418. ♀.
Sirex morio Westwood, 1874. Thesaurus Ent. Oxon, p. 115. ♀.
Paururus pinicolus Ashmead, 1898. Canad. Ent. 30: 179. ♀.

Biology: Webster, 1895. Ohio Farmer, p. 177.

Sirex noctilio Fabricius
Ont., Man.?; Eurasia. Holarctic(?). Host: None recorded in N. Amer.; in

Europe, Abies, Larix, Picea, Pinus, Pseudotsuga; in N. Z. and Australia, Pinus radiata,
Pinus spp. Introduced into New Zealand, Australia, and Tasmania where it is a serious
pest.
Sirex noctilio Fabricius, 1793. Ent. System., v. 2, p. 130.
Urocerus Feisthameli Brulle, 1833. Exped. Sci. de Moree, v. 3, p. 387.
Sirex melanoceros Thomson, 1871. Hym. Scand., v. 1, p. 328.
Paururus atlantidis Ghigi, 1909. Bol. Soc. Ent. Ital. 60: 163.

Taxonomy: Benson, 1943. Bui. Ent. Res. 34: 37. —Benson, 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent.,
Bui. 12: 385.




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Biology: Clark, 1933. New Zealand Jour. Sci. and Tech. 15: 188-190. —Miller and Clark, 1935.
Bui. Ent. Res. 26: 149 (New Zealand). —Hanson, 1939. Bui. Ent. Res. 30: 27-76.
— Rawlings, 1948. New Zealand Jour. Forestry 5: 411. — Rawlings and Wilson, 1949. New
Zealand Jour. Forestry 6: 20 (hosts susceptibility). — Gourlay, 1951. Bui. Ent. Res. 42: 21
(parasitized by an orussid. New Zealand). —Irvine, 1962. Victoria's Resources 4: 40 (hosts,
habits, damage in Australia, Tasmania). —Taylor, 1962. Ent. Rec. and Jour. Var. 74: 273
(intercepted in S. Africa). — Coutts, 1965. Australian Dept. Natl. Develop. Forest and
Timber Bur., Bui. 41: 3. —Morgan and Stewart, 1966. Roy. Soc. New Zealand, Trans. Zool.
7: 195. -Mucha, 1967. Australian Forest Res. 8: 3 (habits, hosts). — Zondag, 1969. New
Zealand Jour. Sci. 12: 732-747 (nematode parasite). —Neumann, 1970. Australian Ent. Soc.
Jour. 9: 168-169 (white eyed forms and gynandromorphs).

Sirex varipes Walker
Mont., B. C, Wash., Oreg., Nev., Calif. Host: Abies magnifica, A. lasiocarpa,

Picea sitchensis, Piyius ponderosa. Adventive in eastern states emerging from timber.

Probably only a color form of juvencus juvencus or j. califomicus.
Sirex varipes Walker, 1866. hi Lord, Naturalist in Vancouver Is. and B. C. v. 2, p. 342. ♀.

Taxonomy: Benson, 1943. Bui. Ent. Res. 34: 37, 48. —Benson, 1963. Ent. Monthly Mag. 98:
252 (hybrid of juvencus juvencus (L.) X juvencus califomicus (Ashmead)).

Urocerus albicornis (Fabricius)
Newfoundland to B. C. s. to N. C, Mich., Mo., N. Mex., Calif. Host:

Abies amabalis, A. balsamea, A.fraseri, A. lasiocarpa, Larix laricina, L. occidentalis,
Picea engelmanni, P. mariana, P. sitchensis, Pinus sp., Pseudotsuga menziesii. Thuja
plicata, Tsuga heterophylla. Adventive in Britain emerging from lumber.
Sirex albicornis Fabricius, 1781. Species Insectorum, v. 1, p. 419. ♀.
Urocerus abdominalis Harris, 1841. Rpt. Ins. Mass. Injurious to Veg., p. 392. ♂.
Sirex stephensii Kirby, 1882. List Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 375. ♀.

Biology: Lintner, 1898. N. Y. State Mus., Ann. Rpt. 51: 338-340. — Chrystal, 1928. Bui. Ent.

Res. 19: 223. -Reeks and Smith, 1945. Acad. Nat. 2: 12. — Belyea, 1952. Canad. Ent. 84:

325-335.
califomicus Norton. Mont., Colo., N. Mex. w. to B. C, Wash., Oreg. Calif.; Mexico. Host: Abies
balsainea, A. concolor, A. lasiocarpa, A. magnifica, A. ywbilis, Larix occideiitalis,
Libocedrus decurrens, Picea engelmayini, P. sitchensis, Pinus contorta, P. lambertiana,
P. ponderosa, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Tsuga heterophylla. Adventive in Britain
emerging from lumber.

Urocerus albicornis var. califortiicus Norton, 1869. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 360. ♀.

Urocerus fulvus Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: 35. ♂.

Urocerus flavipennis Kirby, 1882. List Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 380. ♀.

Biology: Benson, 1945. Ent. Monthly Mag. 81: 67 (England, in lumber from B. C. and w. U.
S.). — Wickman, 1964. Pan-Pacific Ent. 40: 259 (hosts; oviposition).

Urocerus cressoni Norton
N. S., N. B., Que., Ont. to Fla. w. to Wis., Minn. Host: Abies balsamea, A.

fraseri, Picea sp., Pinus rigida, P. taeda.
Urocerus cressoni Norton, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc 3: 16. ♀.
Urocerus tricolor Provancher, 1869. Nat. Canad. 1: 17. ♀.
Sirex diniidiafns Westwood, 1874. Thesaurus Ent. Oxon, p. 115. ♀.
Sirex Fiskei Ashmead, 1904. Canad. Ent. 36: 63. ♀.

Urocerus cressoni var. unicolor Bradley, 1913. Jour. Ent. and Zool. 5: 22. ♀.
gigas flavicornis (Fabricius). Labrador to Alaska s. to N. H., Colo., N. Mex., Ariz., Calif.;

Mexico. Host: Abies lasiocarpa, Larix occidentalis, Picea sitchensis, Pinus contorta,

Pseudotsuga menziesii. U. gigas gigas (L.) is Palaearctic Adventive in Britain and

Brazil emerging from lumber.
Sirex flavicornis Fabricius, 1781. Species Insectorum, v. 1, p. 418.
Sirex bizoiiatus Stephens, 1835. Illus. Brit. Ent., v. 7, p. 342.




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Sirex latifasciatus Westwood, 1874. Thesaurus Ent. Oxon., p. 114. ♂.
Urocenis riparius MacGillivray, 1893. Canad. Ent. 24: 244. ♂.

Taxonomy: Benson, 1943. Bui. Ent. Res. 34: 40. -Hies, 1946. Ent. News 57: 218 (adventive in

Brazil).
Biology: Chapman, 1954. Ecology 35: 44 (summit-frequenting insects of western mountains).

Urocerus taxodii (Ashmead)
D. C. and Va. to Fla. w. to Mo. Host: Taxodimn distichuvi.

Sirex taxodii Ashmead, 1904. Canad. Ent. 36: 63. ♀, ♂.

Xeris morrisoni
***authority mismatch
indecisus (MacGillivray). Idaho, Utah, Nev., B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif. Host: Abies
concolor, A. graiidis, A. lasiocarpa, Larix occidentalis, Libocednis decurrens, Picea
sitchensis, Piniis contorta, P. ponderosa, Pseudotsuga meyiziesii, Tsnga heterophylla.
Urocerus iyidecisus MacGillivray, 1893. Canad. Ent. 25: 243. ♂.

Xeris morrisoni
***authority mismatch
morrisoni (Cresson). Colo., Ariz. Host: Abies concolor, Picea pungens, Pseudotsuga
menziesii.
Urocerus morrisoni Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: 35. ♀, ♂.

Xeris spectrum
***authority mismatch
spectrum (Linnaeus). N. B. to Wash. s. to Conn., Mich., Colo., Ariz., Calif.; Eurasia,
China, Formosa, N. Africa. Host: Abies lasiocarpa, Larix occidentalis, Picea pungens,
Pinus contorta, Pseudotsuga menziesii. Recorded from same host genera in Europe
and Asia.
Ichjieumon spectrum Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., Ed. 10, v. 1, p. 560. ♀.
Sirex nanus Muller, 1776. Zool. Dan. Prodr. p. 151.
Sirex ernarginatus Fabricius, 1793. Ent. System., v. 2, p. 128.
Urocerus caudatus Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 247. ♀.
Sirex melanclwlicus Westwood, 1874. Thesaurus Ent. Oxon, p. 116. ♂.

Xeris spectrum
***authority mismatch
townesi Maa. Mont., B. C, Wash., Oreg., Nev., Calif. Host: Abies concolor, A.

grandis, A. lasiocarpa, Picea sitchensis, Pinus contorta, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Tsuga
heterophylla.
Xeris spectrum townesi Maa, 1949. Notes d'Ent. Chinoise (Mus. Heude) 13: 88. ♀, ♂.

Xeris tarsalis (Cresson)
Wash., Oreg., Calif; Mexico. Host: Cupressus macrocarpa. Thuja plicata?,
Juniperus occidentalis, Libocednis decurrens.
Urocerus tarsalis Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: 52. ♀.
Xeris macgillivrayi Bradley, 1913. Jour. Ent. and Zool. 5: 24. ♀.

Biology: Westcott, 1971. Pan-Pacific Ent. 47: 310 (host).

Tremex columba (Linnaeus)
N. S., N. B., and Que. to Fla. w. to the Rockies, Colo., Utah, Ariz., s. Calif.
Host: Acer, Ulmus, Quercus, Hicoria, Fagus, and probably other deciduous trees.
Usually in dead or dying trees. Pigeon tremex.
Sirex columba Linnaeus, 1763. Amoenitates Academicae, v. 6, p. 412. ♀.




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Sirex pennsylvanicus DeGeer, 1773. Mem. Serv. Hist, des Ins., v. 3, p. 593.

Sirex cinctus Drury, 1773. Illus. Nat. Hist., v. 2, p. 72. ♀.

Sirex americana Christ, 1791. Naturgesch. Class. Nomencl. Ins., p. 412. ♀.

Tremex obsoletris Say, 1823. West. Quart. Rptr. 2: 73. ♂.

Tremex sericeus Say, 1823. West. Quart. Rptr. 2: 73. ♀.

Tremex servillei Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins., Hym. 4: 645. ♀.

Tremex maurus Westwood, 1874. Thesaurus Ent. Oxon., p. 116. ♂.

Tremex hospes Cockerell, 1889. Colo. Biol. Assn. Rpt. 10: [3]. Nom. nud.

Tremex columba race aureus Bradley, 1913. Jour. Ent. and Zool. 5: 26. ♀.

Taxonomy: Yuasa, 1922. 111. Biol. Monog. 7: 115-116 (larva).

Biology: Herrick, 1935. Ins. Enemies of Shade Trees, pp. 188-189. — Blackman and Stage,
1924. N. Y. State Col. Forestry, Syracuse Univ., Tech. Pub. 17, 24: 156. —Laurent, 1931.
Ent. News 42: 67. —Smith, et ai, 1943. Kans. State Bd. Agr. Rpt. 62: 387. — Beal and
Massey, 1945. Duke Univ., School Forestry Bui. 10: 70, 155. — Fattig, 1949. Ent. News 60:
71. — Stillwell, 1965. Canad. Ent. 97: 783-784 (Hypopleural organs). — Stillwell, 1967.
Canad. Ent. 99: 685-689 (in N. B.).

Morphology: Holway, 1935. Psyche 42 : 17 (pretarsus).

Eriotremex formosanus (Matsumura)
Ala. (Covington Co., Coffee Co.); Formosa; Indochina. Ecology: In
Ala., emerged from firewood (water-oak tree) in home. Accidentally introduced.
Tremex formosanus Matsumura, 1912. Thous. Ins. Japan, Sup., v. 4, p. 21, pi. 43, fig. 12. ♀.


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