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Nematalosa erebi, Australian river gizzard shad : fisheries, bait
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Nematalosa erebi
Juvenile picture by
Aland, G.
Teleostei (teleosts) >
Clupeiformes
(Herrings) >
Dorosomatidae
(Gizzard shads and sardinellas)
Etymology:
Nematalosa:
Greek, nema, -atos = filament + Latin, alausa = a fish cited by Ausonius and Latin, halec = pickle, dealing with the Greek word hals = salt; it is also the old Saxon name for shad = "alli" ; 1591 (Ref.
45335
)
.
More on author:
Günther
.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Freshwater; brackish; pelagic; potamodromous (Ref.
51243
); depth range 0 - 3 m (Ref.
6390
). Subtropical; 15°C - 25°C (Ref.
2060
); 11°S - 37°S
Oceania and Asia: Rivers of Australia and southwestern Papua New Guinea (from Fortescue River near Dampier Archipelago in Western Australia, eastward in rivers through the Northern Territory and Queensland south to the Murray-Darling system; also the Finke River, affluent to Lake Eyre; Bensbach River (Ref.
6993
) and Digoel River in New Guinea.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
18.3
, range 13 - ? cm
Max length : 48.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref.
6390
)
Dorsal
spines
(total): 0;
Anal
spines
: 0;
Anal
soft rays
: 17 - 26. Belly with 14 to 18 (usually 16 to 17) - 11 to 14 (usually 12 or 13), total 25 to 31 (usually 20 to 30) scutes. Anterior arm of pre-operculum with fleshy triangular area above, not covered by third infra-orbital bone (see
N. come
). Edge of lower jaw strongly flared outward. Pectoral axillary scale rudimentary or absent. Hind edge of scales not toothed. A dark spot behind gill opening.
Occur often far up rivers, but also in estuaries and in Lakes Alexandrina and Albert near mouth of a river (Ref.
188
). Most commonly inhabit streams coursing through relatively dry eucalyptus-scrub or desert areas, preferring sluggish or quiet waters (Ref.
5259
,
44894
). Also found in saline lakes (slightly less salty than sea water). Tolerant of water temperatures between 9° and 38°C and pH 4.8-8.6. Although these fish have a wide tolerance of temperature and pH, they are susceptible to oxygen depletion and are usually the first to perish when ephemeral habitats begin to dry up. Common length is 15-20 cm (Ref.
44894
). Frequently noted in large shoals that feed on benthic algae; also feed on insects and small crustaceans. Spawning may occur repeatedly in the north with a peak during the wet season; probably annual in the south (Ref.
5259
,
44894
).
In more northerly part of its range, spawning may take place several times over the year but is probably annual in southern localities.
Whitehead, P.J.P.
, 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref.
188
)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref.
130435
)
Least Concern (LC)
; Date assessed:
14 February 2019
CITES
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless (Ref.
6390
)
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial; bait: usually
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Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00724 (0.00414 - 0.01268), b=2.97 (2.82 - 3.12), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 2.8 ±0.29 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 4.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (tm=2; tmax=10; Fec=33,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
Price category (Ref.
80766
):
Low
.
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- 20 July 2016
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