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- Australian Faunal Directory
- FishBase
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español |
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Overview |
Main identification features
- sucker reaches tip pectoral, 16-20 plates
- uniform grey-brown
Dorsal rays 22-26; anal rays 22-24; pectoral rays 23-27; gill rakers on lower limb of first arch (including rudiments) 12-14; distinctive flat head with sucking disc of 16-20 transverse plates; tail fin slightly concave to straight; lower jaw projecting.
Uniformly dark greyish brown.
Size: grows to 86 cm.
Habitat: commonly attached to sharks, sometimes in gill chamber, but also on large fishes, rays, and turtles.
Depth: 0-200 m?.
Circumtropical.; throughout the tropical eastern Pacific except for the upper Gulf of California.
Attributes
Abundance: Common.
Cites: Not listed.
Climate Zone: North Temperate (Californian Province &/or Northern Gulf of California); Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap); Northern Tropical (Mexican Province to Nicaragua + Revillagigedos); Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo); South Temperate (Peruvian Province ).
Depth Range Max: 200 m.
Depth Range Min: 0 m.
Diet: bony fishes; Pelagic crustacea; zooplankton; ectoparasites.
Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=49; Southern limit=-20; Western limit=-125; Eastern limit=-70; Latitudinal range=69; Longitudinal range=55.
Egg Type: Pelagic; Pelagic larva.
Feeding Group: Carnivore; Ectoparasite cleaner; Planktivore.
FishBase Habitat: Pelagic.
Global Endemism: Circumtropical ( Indian + Pacific + Atlantic Oceans); East Pacific + Atlantic (East +/or West); Transisthmian (East Pacific + Atlantic of Central America); East Pacific + all Atlantic (East+West); TEP non-endemic; "Transpacific" (East + Central &/or West Pacific); All species.
Habitat: Large fishes (billfishes, rays, sharks, etc), turtles & whales; Water column.
Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Offshore; In & Offshore.
IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed.
Length Max: 86 cm.
Regional Endemism: Island (s); Continent; Continent + Island (s); Eastern Pacific non-endemic; Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) non-endemic; All species.
Residency: Resident.
Salinity: Marine; Marine Only.
Water Column Position: Mid Water; Near Surface; Water column only;
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Names | |
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Links to other sites | |
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References |
- Allen , G.R. and Robertson, D.R., 1994., Fishes of the Tropical Eastern Pacific., Crawford House Press Pty Ltd:1-332.
- Allen , G.R. and Robertson, D.R., 1997., An Annotated Checklist of the fishes of Clipperton Atoll, Tropical Eastern Pacific., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 45:813-843.
- Breder, C.M. Jr., 1936., Scientific results of the second oceanographic expedition of the "Pawnee" 1926. Heterosomata to Pediculati from Panama to Lower California., Bull. Bingham Oceanogr. Collect. Yale Univ., 2(3):1-56.
- Briggs, J.C., 1960., Fishes of worldwide (circumtropical) distribution., Copeia, 1960:171-180.
- Béarez, P., 1996., Lista de los Peces Marinos del Ecuador Continental., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 44:731-741.
- Eschmeyer , W. N. , Herald , E. S. and Hamman, H., 1983., A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America from the Gulf of Alaska to Baja California. Peterson Field Guide Ser. 28., Houghton Mifflin:336pp.
- Findley, L.T., Hendrickx, M.E., Brusca, R.C., van der Heiden, A.M., Hastings, P.A., Torre, J., 2003., Diversidad de la Macrofauna Marina del Golfo de California, Mexico., CD-ROM versión 1.0. Projecto de la Macrofauna del Golfo . Derechos reservados de los autores y Conservación Internacional.
- Fischer , W. , Krup , F. , Schneider , W. , Sommer , C. , Carpenter , K. E. and Niem, V. H., 1995., Guia FAO para la Identificacion de Especies de para los fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. Volumen II. Vertebrados - Parte 1., FAO2:647-1200.
- Fowler, H.W., 1944., Results of the Fifth George Vanderbilt Expedition (1941) (Bahamas, Caribbean sea, Panama, Galapagos Archipelago and Mexican Pacific Islands). The Fishes., Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadel., Monographs, 6:57-529.
- Gill, T.N., 1863., Catalogue of the fishes of Lower California, in the Smithsonian Institution, collected by Mr. J. Xantus. Part 4., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 15:80-88.
- Hildebrand, S.F., 1946., A descriptive catalog of the shore fishes of Peru., Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 189:1-530.
- Hubbs, C.L., 1916., Notes on the Marine Fishes of California., Univ. Calif. Pubs. Zool., 16:153-169.
- Jimenez-Prado, P., Béarez, P., 2004., Peces marinos del Ecuador continental / Marine fishes of continental Ecuador., SIMBIOE/NAZCA/IFEA tomo 1 y 2.
- Kendall , W.C. and Radcliffe, L., 1912., The shore fishes. Reports on the scientific results of the expedition to the eastern tropical Pacific, ... by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer ALBATROSS, from October, 1904, to March, 1905, Lieut. Commander L.M. Garret, U.S.N., Commanding. XXV., Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., 35(3):75-171.
- Linnaeus, C., 1758., Systema Naturae, Ed. X. (Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata.) Holmiae., Systema Nat. ed. 10, 1:1-824.
- Lopez , M. I. and Bussing, W. A., 1982., Lista provisional de los peces marinos de la Costa Rica., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 30(1):5-26.
- Love, M.S., Mecklenburg, C.W., Mecklenburg, T.A., Thorsteinson, L.K., 2005., es of the West Coast and Alaska: a checklist of North Pacific and Artic Ocena species from Baja California to the Alaska-Yukon border., U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, 288pp.
- Madrid Vera , J. , Ruíz Luna , A. and Rosado Bravo, I., 1998., Peces de la plataforma continental de Michoacán y sus relaciones regionales en el Pacífico mexicano., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 42(2):267-276.
- Meek , S.E. and Hildebrand, S.F., 1928., The marine fishes of Panama. Part III., Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser. Publ., XV:709-1045.
- Ricker, K.E., 1959., Mexican shore and pelagic fishes collected from Acapulco to Cape San Lucas during the 1957 cruise of the "Marijean"., Univ. Brit. Columbia Inst. Fish., Mus. Contrib., 3:18pp.
- Robertson , D.R. and Allen, G.A., 1996., Zoogeography of the shorefish fauna of Clipperton Atoll., Coral Reefs, 15:121-131.
- Rubio, E.A., 1988., Estudio taxonomico de la ictiofauna acompañante del camaron en areas costeras del Pacifico de Colombia., Memorias del VI Seminario Nacional de las Ciencias del Mar. Comisión Colombiana de Oceanografía. Bogota, Colombia., :169-183.
- Van der Heiden , A. M. and Findley, L. T., 1988., Lista de los peces marinos del sur de Sinaloa, México., Anales del Centro de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia de la Universidad Autonoma Nacional de Mexico, 15:209-224.
- Walker, B. W. and Baldwin, W. J., 1964., Provisional check list of fishes of the Revillagigedo islands., 18 pp.
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Acknowledgements | |
I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.
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| &pull 20q v5.145 20180528: Error 301 Moved Permanently http://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/b36f3f42-e0e2-4d27-af5b-1165cdeb1263 |
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Following modified from FishBase
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http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Remora&speciesname=remora ---> http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Remora&speciesname=remora
http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Remora&speciesname=remora ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Remora&speciesname=remora
https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Remora&speciesname=remora ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/summary/Remora-remora.html
Remora remora, Shark sucker : fisheries
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Remora remora
Picture by
Béarez, P.
Teleostei (teleosts) >
Carangiformes
(Jacks) >
Echeneidae
(Remoras)
Etymology:
Remora:
Latin, remora = delay, hindrance (1567) (Ref.
45335
)
;
remora:
remora
meaning delay or hindrance; these fish were once thought to delay a ship's progress when they attached to the hull (Ref.
4389
)
.
More on author:
Linnaeus
.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; reef-associated; depth range 0 - 200 m (Ref.
86942
). Subtropical; 60°N - 36°S, 180°W - 180°E
Cosmopolitan in warm waters.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
?
range ? - ? cm
Max length : 86.4 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
26340
); common length : 40.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
26999
); max. published weight: 1.1 kg (Ref.
40637
)
Dorsal
spines
(total): 0;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 22-26;
Anal
spines
: 0;
Anal
soft rays
: 22 - 24. Dark brownish grey in color (Ref.
4389
). During the course of development, fin is transformed into a suction disc (Ref.
35388
). Deeper-bodied than
Echeneis naucrates
(Ref.
37816
).
Usually associated with sharks but also attaches itself to other large fishes, sea turtles and even ships (Ref.
2850
,
58302
); found in gill chambers, fins and body surface (Ref.
5951
). Sometimes free-swimming (Ref.
2850
). Younger individual is more active as parasite pickers (Ref.
26938
). Feeds on parasitic copepods (Ref.
35388
).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity
|
Reproduction
|
Spawning
|
Eggs
|
Fecundity
|
Larvae
Lachner, E.A. and A. Post
, 1990. Echeneidae. p. 725-728. In J. C. Quéro, J. C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref.
10791
)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref.
130435
)
Least Concern (LC)
; Date assessed:
23 August 2012
CITES
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial
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Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 11.7 - 28.2, mean 24.8 °C (based on 2107 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5352 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00263 (0.00112 - 0.00620), b=3.17 (2.96 - 3.38), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 3.5 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Assuming Fec < 10,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Moderate to high vulnerability (55 of 100).
Price category (Ref.
80766
):
High
.
Nutrients (Ref.
124155
): Calcium = 25.5 [12.2, 40.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.629 [0.346, 1.051] mg/100g; Protein = 19.3 [18.3, 20.3] %; Omega3 = 0.129 [0.069, 0.242] g/100g; Selenium = 33.4 [15.8, 66.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 30.4 [10.1, 96.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.657 [0.432, 0.989] mg/100g (wet weight);
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