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Overview |
Main identification features
Body long and slender, somewhat oval in cross section; mouth at front or low jaw projecting slightly; with bony plate between lower jaws; gill rakers on first arch (excluding rudiments) 10-11 + 16-20; 1 dorsal fin, rays 21-25; anal rays 14-17; pectoral rays 16-17; anal fin base slightly shorter than dorsal fin base; pelvic fins at middle of body, under or slightly in front of level of origin of dorsal fin; pectoral fins very low on side, just behind edge of gill cover; tail fin deeply forked; scales small, about 100-120 in lateral line.
Generally silvery with bluish reflections; head yellowish; lower lobe of tail fin with white stripe.
Size: reaches about 91 cm.
Inhabits shallow inshore waters, particularly in bays, lagoons, and mangrove areas.
Depth: 0-10 m.
Southern California to Peru, Isla del Coco.
Closely related to E. saurus of the western Atlantic.
Attributes
Abundance: Common.
Cites: Not listed.
Climate Zone: North Temperate (Californian Province &/or Northern Gulf of California); Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap); Northern Tropical (Mexican Province to Nicaragua + Revillagigedos); Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo); South Temperate (Peruvian Province ).
Depth Range Max: 10 m.
Depth Range Min: 0 m.
Diet: mobile benthic crustacea (shrimps/crabs); bony fishes.
Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=33; Southern limit=-9; Western limit=-118; Eastern limit=-78; Latitudinal range=42; Longitudinal range=40.
Egg Type: Pelagic; Pelagic larva.
Feeding Group: Carnivore.
FishBase Habitat: Pelagic.
Global Endemism: Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) endemic; East Pacific endemic; All species.
Habitat: Water column.
Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Inshore Only.
IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed.
Length Max: 91 cm.
Regional Endemism: Island (s); Continent; Continent + Island (s); TEP endemic; All species.
Residency: Resident.
Salinity: Brackish; Freshwater; Marine.
Water Column Position: Near Bottom; Water column only;
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Names |
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Links to other sites |
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References |
- Acero, A. and Franke, R., 2001., Peces del parque nacional natural Gorgona. En: Barrios, L. M. y M. Lopéz-Victoria (Eds.). Gorgona marina: Contribución al conocimiento de una isla única., INVEMAR, Serie Publicaciones Especiales No. 7:123-131.
- Balart , E. F. , Castro-Aguirre , J. L. and De Lachica-Bonilla, F., 1997., Análisis comparativo de las comunidades ícticas de fondos blandos y someros de la Bahía de La Paz, B.C. S.. En Urbán Ramírez, J. y M. Ramírez Rodríguez (Eds.). La Bahía de La Paz investigación y conservación., Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur:177-188.
- Béarez, P., 1996., Lista de los Peces Marinos del Ecuador Continental., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 44:731-741.
- Castri-Aguirre, J.L., Espinoza-Pérez, H. and Schmitter-Soto, J.J., 2002., Lista sitemática, biogeográfica y ecológica de la ictiofauna estuarino lagunar y vicaria de México. En: Lozano-Vilano, M. L. (Ed.). Libro Jubilar en Honor al Dr. Salvador Contreras Balderas., Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León:117-142.
- Castro-Aguirre , J. L. and Balart, E. F., 1997., Contribución al conocimiento de la ictiofauna de fondos blandos y someros de la Ensenada de La Paz y Bahía de La Paz, B.C.S.. En Urbán Ramírez, J. y M. Ramírez Rodríguez (Eds.). La Bahía de La Paz investigación y conservación., Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur:139-150.
- Castro-Aguirre, J.L., 1999., Ictiofauna estuarino-lagunar y vicaria de México., Editorial Limusa S.A. de C.V.: 1-629pp.
- Elorduy Garay , J. F. and Jiménez Gutiérrez, S. V., 2000., Metodologías para el estudio de los peces de arrecife. En Aburto Oropeza, O. y C. A. Sánchez Ortiz (Eds.). Recursos arrecifales del Golfo de California, estrategias de manejo para las especies marinas de ornato., Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur:72-82.
- Eschmeyer , W. N. , Herald , E. S. and Hamman, H., 1983., A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America from the Gulf of Alaska to Baja California. Peterson Field Guide Ser. 28., Houghton Mifflin:336pp.
- Findley, L.T., Hendrickx, M.E., Brusca, R.C., van der Heiden, A.M., Hastings, P.A., Torre, J., 2003., Diversidad de la Macrofauna Marina del Golfo de California, Mexico., CD-ROM versión 1.0. Projecto de la Macrofauna del Golfo . Derechos reservados de los autores y Conservación Internacional.
- Fischer , W. , Krup , F. , Schneider , W. , Sommer , C. , Carpenter , K. E. and Niem, V. H., 1995., Guia FAO para la Identificacion de Especies de para los fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. Volumen II. Vertebrados - Parte 1., FAO2:647-1200.
- Franke , R. and Acero P., A., 1992., Peces óseos comerciales del Parque Gorgona, Pacífico Colombiano (Osteichthyes: Elopidae, Chanidae, Exocoetidae, Belonidae y Scombridae)., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 40:117-124.
- Galván-Magaña, F., Abitia-Cárdenas, L.A., Rodríguez-Romero, J., Pérez-España, H., Chávez-Ramos, H., 1996., Systematics list of the fishes from Cerralvo island, Baja California Sur, Mexico., Ciencias Marinas, 22:295-311.
- Galván-Magaña, F., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, F., Abitia-Cárdenas, L.A., Rodríguez-Romero, J., 2000., The distribution and affinities of the shore fishes of the Baja California Sur lagoons. In Aquatic Ecosystems of Mexico: Status and Scope. Eds. M. Manuwar, S.G. Lawrence, I.F. Manuwar & D.F. Malley. Ecovision World Monograph Series., Backhuys Publishers:383-398.
- Hildebrand, S.F., 1946., A descriptive catalog of the shore fishes of Peru., Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 189:1-530.
- Humann, P., 1993., Reef Fish Identification: Galapagos., New World Publishing:192pp.
- Jimenez-Prado, P., Béarez, P., 2004., Peces marinos del Ecuador continental / Marine fishes of continental Ecuador., SIMBIOE/NAZCA/IFEA tomo 1 y 2.
- Lea, R.N. and Rosenblatt, R.H., 2000., Observations on fishes associated with the 1997-1998 El Niño off California., CalCOFL Rep., 41:117-129.
- Lopez , M. I. and Bussing, W. A., 1982., Lista provisional de los peces marinos de la Costa Rica., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 30(1):5-26.
- Love, M.S., Mecklenburg, C.W., Mecklenburg, T.A., Thorsteinson, L.K., 2005., es of the West Coast and Alaska: a checklist of North Pacific and Artic Ocena species from Baja California to the Alaska-Yukon border., U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, 288pp.
- Madrid Vera , J. , Ruíz Luna , A. and Rosado Bravo, I., 1998., Peces de la plataforma continental de Michoacán y sus relaciones regionales en el Pacífico mexicano., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 42(2):267-276.
- McCosker , J.E. and Humann, P.H., 1996., New records of Galápagos fishes., Charles Darwin Foundation, Noticias de Galápagos., 56:18-26.
- Meek , S.E. and Hildebrand, S.F., 1923., The marine fishes of Panama. Part I., Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser. Publ., XV:1-330.
- Minckley, W.L., 2002., Fishes of the lowermost colorado river, its delta, and estuary: a commentary on biotic change. En: Lozano-Vilano, M. L. (Ed.). Libro Jubilar en Honor al Dr. Salvador Contreras Balderas., Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León:63-78.
- Regan, C. T., 1909., A revision of the fishes of the genus Elops., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (Ser. 8), 3:37-40.
- Ricker, K.E., 1959., Mexican shore and pelagic fishes collected from Acapulco to Cape San Lucas during the 1957 cruise of the "Marijean"., Univ. Brit. Columbia Inst. Fish., Mus. Contrib., 3:18pp.
- Rubio , R. E. A. and Estupiñan, F., 1990., Ictiofauna del Parque Nacional Natural Sanquianga, un Analisis de su Estructura y Perspectivas para su Manejo., Memorias del VII Seminario Nacional de las Ciencias y Tecnologías del Mar. Comisión Colombiana de Oceanografía. Bogota, Colombia., :660-670.
- Rubio, E.A., 1988., Estudio taxonomico de la ictiofauna acompañante del camaron en areas costeras del Pacifico de Colombia., Memorias del VI Seminario Nacional de las Ciencias del Mar. Comisión Colombiana de Oceanografía. Bogota, Colombia., :169-183.
- Van der Heiden , A. M. and Findley, L. T., 1988., Lista de los peces marinos del sur de Sinaloa, México., Anales del Centro de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia de la Universidad Autonoma Nacional de Mexico, 15:209-224.
- Vega, A.J., Villareal, N., 2003., Peces asociados a arrecifes y manglares en el Parque Nacional Coiba., Tecnociencia, 5:65-76.
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Acknowledgements |
I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.
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http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Elops&speciesname=affinis ---> http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Elops&speciesname=affinis http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Elops&speciesname=affinis ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Elops&speciesname=affinis https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Elops&speciesname=affinis ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/summary/Elops-affinis.html
Elops affinis, Machete : fisheries, gamefish
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Elops affinis
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Teleostei (teleosts) >
Elopiformes
(Tarpons and tenpounders) >
Elopidae
(Tenpounders)
Etymology:
Elops:
Greek, ellops = a kind of serpent (Ref.
45335
)
.
More on author:
Regan
.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; brackish; pelagic-neritic; oceanodromous (Ref.
51243
); depth range 0 - 10 m (Ref.
96339
). Subtropical; 36°N - 19°S, 122°W - 70°W (Ref.
118622
)
Eastern Pacific: Mandalay Beach, southern California, USA to Peru, including the Gulf of California.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
 
?
  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 91.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
28050
); common length : 50.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
9297
)
Dorsal
spines
(total): 0;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 20-27;
Anal
spines
: 0;
Anal
soft rays
: 12 - 18;
Vertebrae
: 78 - 82. Body slender and elongate; mouth large and terminal; bony plate present between branches of lower jaw; branchiostegal rays very numerous (25 to 35); fins lacking spines; lower branch of first gill arch with 16 to 20 gill rakers; scales very small, 100 to 120 in the lateral line; back dark blue-green to light brown; flanks silvery with slight yellow highlights; fins slightly yellowish (ref.
55763
). Caudal rays: principal (10+8-9), procurrent (upper:8, lower: 8) Branchiostegal rays: 23-35
Occur in schools in shallow inshore areas. Penetrate lagoons and estuaries (Ref.
9297
). Feed on fish and penaeids (Ref.
50313
). Spawning probably occur in the open sea and the transparent larvae migrate towards coastal areas (Ref.
9297
). Struggle vigorously when caught on hooks and lines (Ref.
9297
). Low commercial value due its numerous spines (Ref.
9297
).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity
|
Reproduction
|
Spawning
|
Eggs
|
Fecundity
|
Larvae
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann
, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref.
2850
)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref.
130435
)
Data deficient (DD)
; Date assessed:
08 August 2018
CITES
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: minor commercial; gamefish: yes
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Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 20.4 - 29.1, mean 25.1 °C (based on 257 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5176 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00589 (0.00256 - 0.01357), b=2.99 (2.79 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 4.1 ±0.70 se; based on food items.
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): High vulnerability (56 of 100).
Price category (Ref.
80766
):
Unknown
.
Nutrients (Ref.
124155
): Calcium = 57.4 [34.6, 127.5] mg/100g; Iron = 1.01 [0.59, 1.75] mg/100g; Protein = 17.7 [15.2, 20.7] %; Omega3 = 0.24 [0.13, 0.45] g/100g; Selenium = 17.6 [8.6, 38.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.51 [3.42, 26.87] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.776 [0.556, 1.096] mg/100g (wet weight);
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Updated: 2024-06-19 23:08:45 gmt
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