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Merluccius gayi I. Ginsburg, 1954
SOUTH-PACIFIC HAKE
Life   Vertebrata   Fish   Merlucciidae   Merluccius

Merluccius gayi peruanus
www.fao.org Copyright Michel Lamboeuf · 0
Merluccius gayi peruanus
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Overview
Main identification features
  • head 26-32 percentsl
  • 2nd dorsal fin 36-42
  • gill rakers 18-25
Elongate, compressed, tapering to a narrow tail base; head large (26-32.4% of standard length) and flattened, with a V shape crest on top; large eyes and mouth, lower jaw slightly projecting; jaw teeth long, strong and pointed; 18-25 relatively long rakers on first gill arch; fins without spines; 2 separate dorsal fins, the 1st shorter and higher, the 2nd with a long base (36-42 rays) and partly divided by a notch; well developed, nonfilamentous pelvic fins, situated before the pectorals; pectoral long – reaches past anal fin origin; tail fin short, slightly forked; scales small, 106-130 on the lateral line.

Color: Back metallic blue; flanks silvery.

Size: 87cm.

Habitat: pelagic.

Depth: 50-500 m.

Central Peru to Ecuador and the Galapagos.

M gayi includes two subspecies; M. g. peruanus, and M. g. gayi, from Chile.


Attributes
Cites: Not listed.
Climate Zone: Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo); South Temperate (Peruvian Province ).
Depth Range Max: 500 m.
Depth Range Min: 50 m.
Diet: octopus/squid/cuttlefish; bony fishes; Pelagic crustacea.
Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=2; Southern limit=-14; Western limit=-93; Eastern limit=-76; Latitudinal range=16; Longitudinal range=17.
Egg Type: Pelagic; Pelagic larva.
Feeding Group: Carnivore.
FishBase Habitat: Bathypelagic.
Global Endemism: East Pacific endemic; TEP non-endemic; All species.
Habitat: Water column.
Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Offshore; In & Offshore.
IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed.
Length Max: 87 cm.
Regional Endemism: Peruvian province, primarily; Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) non-endemic; Island (s); Continent; Temperate Eastern Pacific, primarily; Continent + Island (s); All species.
Residency: Resident.
Salinity: Marine; Marine Only.
Water Column Position: Near Surface; Mid Water; Near Bottom; Water column only;


Names
Scientific source:

Links to other sites

References
  • Ginsburg, I., 1954., Whitings on the coasts of the American continent., Fishery Bulletin, 56:187-208.

Acknowledgements

I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.


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http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Merluccius&speciesname=gayi ---> http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Merluccius&speciesname=gayi
http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Merluccius&speciesname=gayi ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Merluccius&speciesname=gayi
https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Merluccius&speciesname=gayi ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/summary/Merluccius-gayi.html
Merluccius gayi, South Pacific hake : fisheries This page is sponsored by
Mundus Maris

Common name (e.g. trout)

Genus + Species (e.g. Gadus morhua)

Merluccius gayi ( Guichenot , 1848 )

South Pacific hake Upload your photos  and  videos
Pictures | Google image Image of Merluccius gayi (South Pacific hake) Merluccius gayi
Picture by Busse, K.

Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes( genus , species ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei (teleosts) > Gadiformes (Cods) > Merlucciidae (Merluccid hakes)
Etymology: Merluccius: Latin, mar, maris = the sea + Latin, lucius = pike (Ref. 45335 ) .
More on author: Guichenot .

Issue
A different species/subspecies is recognized on the Peruvian coasts Etropus peruanus Ginsburg, 1954, that is recognized in FishBase as a provisionally valid species. More studies are needed to clearly differentiate it (March 2021).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; bathydemersal; oceanodromous; depth range 50 - 500 m (Ref. 1371 ). Deep-water; 5°S - 46°S, 81°W - 69°E (Ref. 54583 )

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Southeast Pacific: off the coast of Chile from Arica to Chiloé Island.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L m   ? , range 32 - ? cm
Max length : 87.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 1371 ); common length : 50.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 1371 )

Short description Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 1; Dorsal soft rays (total): 45-54; Anal spines : 0; Anal soft rays : 36 - 42; Vertebrae : 49 - 53. Caudal fin margin usually concave. Color is silvery on back, silvery whitish on belly. M. gayi gayi and M. gayi peruanus differ by the total number of vertebrae, total number of gill rakers and relative length of head (Ref. 1371 ).

Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic)

Occurs from the shallow continental shelf to the upper continental slope (Ref. 1371 ). Sometimes found off the bottom or in midwater (Ref. 1371 ). Migrates vertically to midwater at night to feed on fishes, squids and euphausiids (Ref. 27363 ). Moves to southern coastal areas in summer and migrates to northern deeper waters (200-500 m depth) in winter and spring (Ref. 27363 ). Spawning occurs at the end of the winter and during the southern spring (Ref. 58452 ). Marketed fresh and frozen (Ref. 1371 ) and eaten steamed, fried, boiled and microwaved (Ref. 9988 ). Also utilized as fishmeal (Ref. 1371 ).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba , 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371 )

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435 )

  Data deficient (DD)  ; Date assessed: 01 May 2008

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361 )

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless





Human uses

Fisheries: highly commercial FAO - Fisheries: landings , species profile ; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Internet sources

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes : genus , species | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Fisheries: landings , species profile ; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genome , nucleotide | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | OsteoBase: skull , spine | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go , Search | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201 ): 9.3 - 14, mean 10.9 °C (based on 38 cells). Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804 ):  PD 50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01413 (0.00630 - 0.03168), b=3.05 (2.85 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245 ). Trophic level (Ref. 69278 ):  4.3   ±0.6 se; based on diet studies. Resilience (Ref. 120179 ):  Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.1-0.2; tm=2). Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153 ):  High vulnerability (61 of 100). Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649 ):  High vulnerability (62 of 100). Price category (Ref. 80766 ):   Low . Nutrients (Ref. 124155 ):  Calcium = 8.76 [3.94, 31.98] mg/100g; Iron = 0.342 [0.068, 0.925] mg/100g; Protein = 17.6 [16.3, 18.9] %; Omega3 = 0.216 [0.103, 0.404] g/100g; Selenium = 22 [10, 49] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11.9 [2.5, 54.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.223 [0.154, 0.356] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.

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Updated: 2024-06-19 22:25:31 gmt
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