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Sillago sihama, Silver sillago : fisheries, aquaculture
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Silver sillago
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Teleostei (teleosts) >
Eupercaria/misc
(Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sillaginidae
(Smelt-whitings)
Etymology:
Sillago:
From a locality in Australia
.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; brackish; reef-associated; amphidromous (Ref.
51243
); depth range 0 - 60 m (Ref.
6205
), usually 0 - 2 m (Ref.
90102
). Tropical; 26°C - 29°C (Ref.
4959
); 41°N - 36°S, 20°E - 166°E (Ref.
6205
)
Indo-West Pacific: southern Red Sea (Ref.
94953
) and Knysna, South Africa to Japan and south to Australia. Reported from New Caledonia (Ref.
9070
). In Japan, this name has often been misapplied to
Sillago japonica
; often misidentified as
Sillago lutea
or
Sillago vincenti
.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
16.7
, range 13 - 19.1 cm
Max length : 31.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref.
44894
); common length : 20.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref.
9679
); max. reported age: 7 years (Ref.
43081
)
Dorsal
spines
(total): 11 - 13;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 20-23;
Anal
spines
: 2;
Anal
soft rays
: 18 - 23. Swim bladder with two anterior and two posterior extensions. The anterior extensions extend forward and diverge to terminate on each side of the basioccipital above the auditory capsule. Two lateral extensions commence anteriorly, each sending a blind tubule anterolaterally and then extending along the abdominal wall below the investing peritoneum to just posterior of the duct-like process. Two posterior tapering extensions of the swim bladder project into the caudal region, one usually longer than the other. The species has a low lateral line with about 70 scales (Ref.
48635
).
Common along beaches, sandbars, mangrove creeks and estuaries. Recorded from freshwater. Form schools. Adults bury themselves in the sand when disturbed (Ref.
6205
,
44894
). Feed mainly on polychaete worms, small prawns (
Penaeus
), shrimps and amphipods (Ref.
6226
,
6227
,
44894
). Oviparous (Ref.
205
). Larvae and juveniles are pelagic feeding on planktonic (Ref.
43081
). Rarely captured by prawn trawling vessels. Marketed fresh and frozen (Ref.
9987
).
McKay, R.J.
, 1992. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 14. Sillaginid fishes of the world (family Sillaginidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the sillago, smelt or Indo-Pacific whiting species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(14):87p. (Ref.
6205
)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref.
130435
)
Least Concern (LC)
; Date assessed:
05 March 2015
CITES
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: commercial
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Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 24.8 - 29.2, mean 28.5 °C (based on 3250 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00589 (0.00492 - 0.00704), b=3.06 (3.01 - 3.11), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 3.3 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=0.75-1.22; tm=1; tmax=4; Fec=16,682).
Prior r = 0.79, 95% CL = 0.52 - 1.19, Based on 1 stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Low vulnerability (24 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649
): Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100).
Price category (Ref.
80766
):
Very high
.
Nutrients (Ref.
124155
): Calcium = 208 [37, 506] mg/100g; Iron = 0.719 [0.238, 1.909] mg/100g; Protein = 21 [18, 23] %; Omega3 = 0.0971 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 31 [9, 139] μg/100g; VitaminA = 113 [19, 650] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.42 [0.69, 3.58] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
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