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FishBase Names Scientific source: Integrated Taxonomic Information System Supported by National Biological Information Infrastructure National Science Foundation go to Discover Life's Facebook group Following modified from FishBase    Top | See original http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Raja&speciesname=miraletus ---> http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Raja&speciesname=miraletus http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Raja&speciesname=miraletus ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Raja&speciesname=miraletus https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Raja&speciesname=miraletus ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/summary/Raja-miraletus.html You can sponsor this page Common name (e.g. trout) contains begins with begins with ends with is Genus + Species (e.g. Gadus morhua) About this page More Info Plus d'info Mais info Languages Arabic Bahasa/Malay Bangla Chinese(Si) Chinese(Tr) Deutsch English Español Farsi Français Greek Hindi Italiano Japanese Lao Nederlands Português(Br) Português(Pt) Russian Swedish Thai Vietnamese User feedbacks Comments &   Corrections Fish Forum Guest Book Facebook Citation Uploads Attach website Upload photo Upload video Upload   references Fish Watcher Related species Species in    Raja Species in    Rajidae - Classification - Rajidae Rajiformes Elasmobranchii Chordata Animalia Raja miraletus Linnaeus , 1758 Brown ray Add your observation in Fish Watcher Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. Raja miraletus   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS Upload your photos  and  videos Pictures | Google image Raja miraletus Picture by Furlan, B. Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes( genus , species ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays) > Rajiformes (Skates and rays) > Rajidae (Skates) Etymology: Raja: Latin, raja, -ae = a sting ray (Raja sp.) (Ref. 45335 ) . More on author: Linnaeus . Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology Marine; brackish; demersal; depth range 17 - 462 m (Ref. 56504 ), usually 50 - 150 m (Ref. 27121 ). Subtropical; 44°N - 35°S Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri Northeast Atlantic: from Spain (Bay of Biscay) to Morocco and Madiera, including the Mediterranean Sea. Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age Maturity: L m   ? , range 44 - ? cm Max length : 63.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 39256 ); 59.7 cm TL (female); common length : 35.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 2683 ) Short description Morphology | Morphometrics Dorsal spines (total): 0; Anal spines : 0; Anal soft rays : 0. Snout short and bluntly pointed; disc angular (Ref. 5578 ). Upper surface prickly only in young, nearly smooth in adults, underside smooth (Ref. 3167 ). Upper surface ochre to reddish-brown with scattered dark spots, underside white (Ref. 3167 ); two bright blue eyespots centered on the pectoral bases (Ref. 5578 ); may have a small dark spot on tip of snout (Ref. 2708 ). Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic) Found over soft bottoms of the shelf and the uppermost slope (Ref. 5578 ). Depth range from 17-300 m, and up to depth of 462 m in the eastern Ionian Sea (Ref. 56504 ). Feed on all kinds of benthic animals, also on fish offal (Ref. 5578 ). Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205 ). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205 ). Egg capsules are 4.2-4.6 cm long and 2.7-2.9 cm wide (Ref. 41250 ). About 40-72 eggs are lain by an individual in a year (Ref. 41250 ). Caught by ski-boat anglers (Ref. 5578 ). Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449 ). With egg-cases laid from spring to summer (Ref. 3167 ). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205 ). Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator : McEachran, John | Collaborators McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn , 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314 ) IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435 )   Least Concern (LC)  ; Date assessed: 04 January 2019 CITES Not Evaluated CMS (Ref. 116361 ) Not Evaluated Threat to humans   Harmless Human uses Fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes FAO - Fisheries: landings ; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us More information Countries FAO areas Ecosystems Occurrences Introductions Stocks Ecology Diet Food items Food consumption Ration Common names Synonyms Metabolism Predators Ecotoxicology Reproduction Maturity Spawning Spawning aggregation Fecundity Eggs Egg development Age/Size Growth Length-weight Length-length Length-frequencies Morphometrics Morphology Larvae Larval dynamics Recruitment Abundance BRUVS References Aquaculture Aquaculture profile Strains Genetics Electrophoreses Heritability Diseases Processing Nutrients Mass conversion Collaborators Pictures Stamps, Coins Misc. Sounds Ciguatera Speed Swim. type Gill area Otoliths Brains Vision Tools Bio-Quiz | E-book | Field guide | Length-frequency wizard | Life-history tool | Point map | Classification Tree | Catch-MSY | Special reports Check for Aquarium maintenance | Check for Species Fact Sheets | Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets Download XML Summary page | Point data | Common names | Photos Internet sources AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes : genus , species | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Fisheries: landings ; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genome , nucleotide | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | National databases | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | Public aquariums | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go , Search | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoobank | Zoological Record Estimates based on models Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201 ): 13.1 - 25.6, mean 17.6 °C (based on 383 cells). Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804 ):  PD 50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00182 (0.00152 - 0.00218), b=3.27 (3.23 - 3.31), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245 ). Trophic level (Ref. 69278 ):  3.7   ±0.6 se; based on diet studies. Generation time: 5.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1 growth studies. Resilience (Ref. 120179 ):  Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (Fec assumed to be <100). Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153 ):  Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100). Price category (Ref. 80766 ):   Medium . Nutrients (Ref. 124155 ):  Calcium = 14.6 [1.8, 262.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.723 [0.068, 8.569] mg/100g; Protein = 17.4 [14.6, 19.7] %; Omega3 = 0.651 [0.282, 1.514] g/100g; Selenium = 27.2 [5.1, 132.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 5.9 [0.6, 60.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.601 [0.041, 6.724] mg/100g (wet weight); Comments & Corrections Back to Search Random Species Back to Top Accessed through: Not available FishBase mirror site : localhost Page last modified by : mrius-barile - 20 July 2016 Fatal error : Uncaught ArgumentCountError: Too few arguments to function checkEcotox(), 1 passed in /var/www/html/summary/speciessummary.php on line 2304 and exactly 3 expected in /var/www/html/includes/speciessummary.lib.php:2579 Stack trace: #0 /var/www/html/summary/speciessummary.php(2304): checkEcotox() #1 {main} thrown in /var/www/html/includes/speciessummary.lib.php on line 2579 Updated: 2024-06-20 01:02:53 gmt FishBase | Search | All Living Things | Top © Designed by The Polistes Corporation