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Paradiplospinus antarcticus, Antarctic escolar
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Paradiplospinus antarcticus
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Teleostei (teleosts) >
Scombriformes
(Mackerels) >
Gempylidae
(Snake mackerels)
Etymology:
Paradiplospinus:
Greek, para = the side of + Greek, diploos = double + Latin, spina, pinna = thron (Ref.
45335
)
.
More on author:
Andriashev
.
Issue
Validity of species questionnable for some authors, but no recent publications.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; bathypelagic; depth range 0 - 2830 m (Ref.
6181
). Deep-water; 31°S - 79°S, 180°W - 180°E (Ref.
6181
)
Southern Ocean: circumpolar. In the belief that there was only a single species of
Paradiplospinus
, many authors used the name
Paradiplospinus gracilis
as including
Paradiplospinus antarcticus
.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
?
range ? - ? cm
Max length : 52.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref.
6181
); common length : 35.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref.
6181
)
Dorsal
spines
(total): 36 - 39;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 24-34;
Anal
spines
: 2;
Anal
soft rays
: 25 - 31;
Vertebrae
: 64 - 67. Body is extremely elongate. Mouth with fang-like teeth, 3-6 fangs anteriorly in upper jaw and 1 fang on each side of the lower jaw. Pyloric caeca 6. Color is silvery white without any conspicuous marks except 40 - 50 narrow longitudinal lines of pale melanophores; the dorsal-fin base, opercular region and caudal-fin origin dark brownish.
Adults and subadults epipelagic to mesopelagic, or mesobenthopelagic at shelves and slopes from surface to 830 m (temp. 0° to 4°C). Larvae and juveniles, probably mesopelagic to bathypelagic, down to 2,830 m depth (Ref.
5084
). Feeds on krill, squid and fishes (predominantly myctophids). Larval and juvenile specimens mostly obtained between southern land masses and the Antarctic continent.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity
|
Reproduction
|
Spawning
|
Eggs
|
Fecundity
|
Larvae
Nakamura, I. and N.V. Parin
, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 15. Snake mackerels and cutlassfishes of the world (families Gempylidae and Trichiuridae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the snake mackerels, snoeks, escolars, gemfishes, sackfishes, domine, oilfish, cutlassfishes,. scabbardfishes, hairtails, and frostfishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(15):136 p. (Ref.
6181
)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref.
130435
)
Not Evaluated
CITES
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: of no interest
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 0.8 - 7.8, mean 3.5 °C (based on 694 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00363 (0.00163 - 0.00807), b=3.10 (2.91 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 4.1 ±0.53 se; based on food items.
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Moderate to high vulnerability (45 of 100).
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Page last modified by :
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- 20 July 2016
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