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© Copyright source/photographer
· 5
Andrena atlantica, f, face, Prince Georges Co., MD |
© Copyright source/photographer
· 5
Andrena atlantica, f, left side, Prince Georges Co., MD |
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Mitchell, Bees of the Eastern United States, Vol. I, 1960 · 1
Andrena atlantica, figure36d |
Mitchell, Bees of the Eastern United States, Vol. I, 1960 · 1
Andrena atlantica, figure37 |
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© Rebekah Andrus Nelson
· 1
Andrena atlantica, female, face |
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Overview |
Reprinted with permission of the American Entomological Society from:
LaBerge, W. E. 1971b. A revision of the bees of the genus Andrena of the Western Hemisphere. Part IV. Scrapteropsis, Xiphandrena, and Rhaphandrena. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 97: 441-520.
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This medium-sized, southern species is very closely related to A. alleghaniensis. The female of atlantica can be readily distinguished from that of alleghaniensis by the normal, long, barbed hair of the thoracic dorsum, the more coarsely sculptured propodeum (outside of the dorsal enclosure), and the narrower facial foveae.
The males of atlantica, on the other hand, are practically indistinguishable from those of alleghaniensis. For this reason Mitchell (1960) in his original description of atlantica included some localities based upon males which must refer to alleghaniensis. Mitchell did not recognize a male for alleghaniensis. Knerer and Atwood (1963) described the male of alleghaniensis based upon males collected with the females in an area where atlantica does not occur and their description fits the male of atlantica equally well and their drawings of the terminalia are essentially like those of Mitchells (1960) atlantica.
As stated above under alleghaniensis, these two species may be well-marked geographical races of one species. However, the evidence is not yet conclusive and it is considered best to keep the names separate in the literature until more evidence becomes available.
FEMALE. MEASUREMENTS AND RATIOS. N = 20; length. 8-11 mm; width. 2.5-3.5 mm; wing length, M = 3.65 ± 0.167 mm; FL/FW, M = 1.06 ± 0.007; FOVL/FOVW, M = 4.29 ± 0.245.
INTEGUMENTAL COLOR. As in alleghaniensis but wing membranes more deeply infumate. brown, and veins dark brown.
STRUCTURE. Antennae, eyes, malar space, mandible and galea as in alleghaniensis. Maxillary palpus as in imitatrix but segmental ratio about 1.0: 1.0: 0.9: 0.8: 0.7: 0.7. Labial palpus as in imitatrix but ratio about 1.0: 0.7: 0.6: 0.6. Structure and sculpture of head as in alleghaniensis except facial fovea narrower, separated from lateral ocellus by one ocellar diameter or slightly more.
Structure and sculpturing of thorax as in alleghaniensis except as follows: mesoscutal and scutellar punctures slightly sparser; propodeum with dorsolateral and posterior surfaces moderately coarsely to coarsely punctatorugose. Wing venation and legs as in alleghaniensis.
Structure and sculpturing of metasomal terga and sterna as in alleghaniensis but tergal apical area punctures may be sparser. Pygidial plate as in alleghaniensis.
VESTITURE. As in alleghaniensis except dorsal thoracic hairs cinereous to pale ochraceous, all long. erect, barbed, not scale-like but normal in appearance.
MALE. MEASUREMENTS AND RATIOS. N = 20; length, 7-10 mm; width, 2-5 mm; wing length, M = 3.31 ± 0.148 mm; FL/FW, M = 1.09 ± 0.005; FS1/FS2, M = 0.85 ± 0.015.
INTEGUMENTAL COLOR. Generally as in alleghaniensis but wing membranes tend to be slightly more infumate and veins usually dark brown.
STRUCTURE. As in alleghaniensis except as follows: maxillary palpus with segmental ratio about 1.0: 0.9: 0.9: 0.7: 0.6: 0.6: labial palpal ratio about 1.0: 0.6: 0.4: 0.5; propodeum with dorsolateral and posterior surfaces moderately coarsely to coarsely punctatorugose.
VESTITURE. As in alleghaniensis.
Reprinted with permission from: Mitchell, T.B. 1960. Bees of the Eastern United States. North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin No. 141.
FEMALE. Length 9 mm.; face slightly longer than broad; clypeus evenly convex, projecting somewhat more than one-third below suborbital line, closely, deeply and rather coarsely punctate, slightly more sparse along mid line, but without a distinct, median, impunctate line; facial foveae narrow, occupying above not more than half of space between eyes and ocelli, covered with silvery tomentum, lower half slightly narrower than upper half; space between margin of vertex and lateral ocelli considerably wider than their diameter; cheeks broader than eyes, rounded posteriorly, rather dull, quite closely and deeply punctate; malar space very short; basal segment of flagellum slightly shorter than 2nd and 3rd combined; process of labrum strongly constricted apically, this produced part very narrow, nearly as long as broad, the tip slightly emarginate; pubescence of head and thorax very short and thin, sparse on dorsal areas, entirely whitish, and whitish in large part on legs; scutum and scutellum somewhat shining, rather deeply and coarsely punctate, punctures very close anteriorly, becoming more widely separated but not sparse posteriorly, rather close over most of scutellum, which is flattened; pleura densely rugose above, becoming rather shallowly rugoso-punctate below; dorsal area of propodeum rather narrow, oblique, triangle quite broad, with three or four widely separated striae on each side of middle; propodeal corbicula poorly developed, short, composed of fine, whitish hairs, without an anterior fringe; trochanteral floccus white, not well developed, hairs rather sparse, of moderate length; hind tibiae quite narrow and elongate, apex not much broader than basitarsi, scopa white, rather thin, hairs rather short, with some very short, fuscous hairs at extreme base; front and mid basitarsi slightly narrower than their respective tibiae; wings rather uniformly and deeply infuscated, 2nd submarginal cell slightly shorter than 3rd, receiving 1st recurrent one-third from apex; abdominal terga smooth and shining, very finely and evenly punctate, punctures well separated but not sparse, becoming rather close at extreme sides of terga, apical impressed areas rather shallow but quite broad, occupying fully one-third median length of discs, not at all hyaline, discal pubescence very sparse, short and obscure, apparently entirely whitish, apical fasciae not developed, tergum 5 with a fuscous, apical fimbria.
MALE. Length 7-8 mm.; clypeus evenly convex, projecting about one-third below suborbital line, somewhat shining between close, deep and rather fine punctures, which are quite uniformly distributed; space between margin of vertex and lateral ocelli slightly greater than their diameter; cheeks slightly broader than eyes, rounded posteriorly, dull, subrugose except for a very narrow, minutely punctate area along eye margin; malar space extremely short; basal segment of flagellum slightly longer than broad at apex, slightly shorter than the 2nd and following segments; process of labrum constricted apically, this part very narrow, slightly emarginate at tip; mandibles quite short, with a distinct inner subapical tooth, overlapping nearly one-third; pubescence of head, thorax and legs whitish, rather short and thin; scutum and scutellum rather dull, rather deeply punctate, punctures close and rather coarse anteriorly, becoming finer and slightly more widely separated toward the center posteriorly, those on scutellum shallow and rather close, becoming rugose along posterior margin; pleura rather uniformly and coarsely rugose; dorsal area of propodeum oblique, triangle very coarsely rugoso-striate; all basitarsi slender and elongate, considerably narrower than their respective tibiae; wings lightly infuscated, 2nd submarginal cell somewhat shorter than 3rd, receiving 1st recurrent about one-fourth from apex; abdominal terga smooth and shining, minutely punctate, punctures well separated but not sparse, apical impressed areas rather shallow and narrow, coppery in color, becoming yellowish-hyaline along rims, discal pubescence extremely sparse, short and thin, hardly evident except at extreme sides and toward apex of abdomen, entirely pale, fasciae not developed; apical margin of sternum 6 rather uniformly reflexed; sternum 8 abruptly constricted at mid point to form the apical portion which is quite narrow, with nearly parallel sides, the apex rather broadly and abruptly truncate, clothed beneath with short, dense, pale ochraceous pubescence; penis valves narrowly constricted just before apex, this slightly wider apically and gradually broadened toward base, not excavated laterally. gonocoxites gradually and slightly dilated apically, gonocoxal lobes rather narrowly produced, narrowly rounded apically.
TYPES. Holotype: Female, Morehead, N. C., May 3, 1947 (T. B. Mitchell, on Ilex). Allotype: Male, topotypical [both Mitchell J. Paratypes: NORTH CAROLINA: 2 FF, 3 MM, topotypical; 1 F, 1 M Raleigh, Apr. 30, 1938 (on Rubus); 8 MM, Raleigh, May 3-9, 1950-1952 (on Ilex); 10 MM, Raleigh, Apr. 15, 1945 (on Toxicodendron); 1 M, Raleigh, Apr. 15, 1945 (on Polycodium); 1 M, Raleigh, Apr. 24, 1954 (on Pyracantha); 1 M, Raleigh, Apr. 28, 1956 (on Ilex); 1 M, Sampson Co., Apr. 13, 1954 (on Salix); 1 M, 3 FF, Wayne Co., Apr. 23, 1954 and Apr. 26, 1955 (on Crataegus); 1 M, 4 FF, Faison, Apr. 19 and 20, 1955 (on Fragaria); 3 FF, Holly Shelter, Apr. 27, May 30 and June 8, 1950 (on Ilex and Linaria); 1 F, Beaufort, June 9, 1931; 2 MM, Ivanhoe, Apr. 18, 1951 (on Linaria); 6 MM, Ivanhoe, Apr. 5 and 12, 1945 (on Ilex); 2 MM, Raleigh, May 3, 1942 and May 4, 1952 (all Mitchell); 8 MM, 6 FF, Raleigh, May 3, 1931, Apr. 27 and May 11, 1935, June 1, 1946, May 10, 1937, May 6. 1939, May 4, 1940, May 4, 1941 and May 6, 11 and 7, 1942; 1 M, Pollocksville, May 14, 1952 (W. A. Stephen, on Ligustrum); 1 F, Clayton, Jan. 10, 1956 (R. L. Rabb in sandy soil); 1 M, Faison, May 2, 1953 (H. & A. Howden); 1 F, New River, Apr. and May, 1942 (G. E. Bohart); 1 M, Charlotte, Apr. 25, 1902 (F. Sherman). GEORGIA: 1 M, Atlanta, Apr. 19, 1948; 1 M, Smithville, May 17, 1937 (both P. W. Fattig). FLORIDA: 5 MM, Tallahassee, Apr. I, 1944; 1 M, Orlando, Mar. 1944 (both R. & G. Bohart); 1 M, 1 F, Gainesville, Apr. 13, 1924 and May 11, 1928 (G. B. Merrill); 3 FF, Highlands Hammock State Park, Apr. 3, 1955, (Morse and Weems, on Ilex cassine); 4 FF, 3 MM, Highlands Hammock, Mar. 31, 1956 (H. V. Weems, Jr., on Ilex cassine and Nyssa sylvatica biflora); 1 F, Alachua Co., Apr. 17, 1956 (R. A. Morse, on Melilotus alba); 6 FF, 38 MM, Lake Co., Apr. 6 and 8, 1956 (R. A. Morse, on Erigeron quercifolius); 1 M, Highland Hammock, Sebring, Mar. 19, 1955 (R. R. Dreisbach); 2 FF, Pensacola, Apr. 17, 1928 (P. W. Fattig). NEW JERSEY: 1 F, Clementon, June 2, 1901. NEW YORK: 2 MM, Ithaca, May 28, 1941 (H. E. Evans) and May 8, 1915. SOUTH CAROLINA: 1 M, Dewees Isl., May 29 (a. Bequaert). TEXAS: 1 F, New Boston, May 14, 1906; 2 MM, Dallas, Apr. 23, 1906, on Spiraea (?) (F. C. Bishopp). MICHIGAN: 1 M, Harrison, May 21, 1955 on Crataegus punctata); 1 M, Gull Lake Biol. Sta., Kalamazoo Co., June 9, 1956 (on Spirea vanhouteii) (both R. L. Fischer); 2 MM, Stevensville, Berrien Co., May 29, 1938 (C. W. Sabrosky).
Paratype specimens are at the State Plant Board of Florida, the University of Michigan, the Museum of Comparative Zoology, the U. S. National Museum, the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, in collections of R. R. Dreisbach and R. M. Bohart, and in the author's collection.
DISTRIBUTION. Examination of the list of paratypes will show that this species ranges from Michigan and New York to Texas and Florida, and is in flight during April, May and June, with early records in February and March in Florida. One specimen collected in January in North Carolina was probably dug from the nesting site.
FLOWER RECORDS. Crataegus, Erigeron, Fragaria, Ilex, Ligustrum, Linaria, Melilotus, Nyssa, Polycodium, Pyracantha, Rubus, Salix, Spirea and Toxicodendron.
Specimens of atlantica have been found in a number of collections bearing a manuscript name by Viereck which implied a similarity or relationship to aliena Smith. As there is little resemblance and certainly no close relationship of these two, a different name seems advisable.
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Identification | |
Sam Droege notes: While it may be true of other species too, the males have small patches of slightly longer and more reflective appressed hairs along the bases of the flagellar segments these often show up as a little series of silver patches shining in the microscope light on either side of the dorsal portion of the antennae.
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Updated: 2024-04-25 07:22:57 gmt
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