Smithsonian Institution, Entomology Department · 1
Andrena crawfordi, face |
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Smithsonian Institution, Entomology Department · 1
Andrena crawfordi, side |
Smithsonian Institution, Entomology Department · 1
Andrena crawfordi, top |
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Smithsonian Institution, Entomology Department · 1
Andrena crawfordi, wing |
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Overview |
Reprinted with permission of the University of Nebraska State Museum from:
LaBerge, W. E. 1967. A revision of the bees of the genus Andrena of the Western Hemisphere. Part I. Callandrena (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae). Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum 7: 1-316.
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This small species is closely related to A. verecunda and shows relationship to A. krigiana. All three species, as well as the following, are oligoleges of plants of the composite tribe Cichoriae. A. crawfordi can be distinguished from krigiana by its larger size and black male clypeus. The female of crawfordi differs from that of verecunda by the shorter vertex, smaller facial fovea and white tibial scopa. It differs from the female of afimbriata by the normal posterior hind tibial spur. The male of crawfordi differs from that of verecunda and afimbriata by the unreflexed sixth sternum and, from verecunda by the lack of subapical fimbriae on sterna 2-5. The male of crawfordi is also marked by a shorter vertex than that of verecunda or afimbriata.
FEMALE. MEASUREMENTS AND RATIOS. — N = 20; length, 11-13 mm; width, 2.5-3.5 mm; wing length, M = 3.38 ± 0.088 mm; FL/FW, M = 1.05 ± 0.007; FOVL/FOVW, M = 2.20 ± 0.024.
INTEGUMENTAL COLOR. — Black except as follows: mandibles rufescent apically; flagellar segments 5-10 red below; tegulae translucent, dark red to piceous; wing membranes hyaline, colorless, veins red to dark reddish-brown; tergal apices narrowly hyaline, apical area anterior to hyaline margin often dark rufescent; sterna 2-5 with narrow apical areas hyaline, yellowish; tibial spurs yellow.
STRUCTURE. — Antennae short, scape subequal in length to flagellar segments 1-4; flagellar segment 1 subequal to segments 2-4, segments 2-4 subequal in length to each other and shorter than segment 5, segments 6 and 7 quadrate in outline. Eye about three and one-third times as long as broad, inner margins converging slightly toward mandibles. Malar space linear. Mandibles short, outer mandible in repose extends beyond middle of labrum by one-fifth its length or less; subgenal coronet well developed; ventrobasal angle not developed. Galea as in verecunda. Maxillary palpus as in verecunda but segmental ratio about 1.0:1.1:1.0:1.0:0.7:0.8. Labial palpus as in verecunda but segmental ratio of about 1.5:1.0:0.6:0.7. Labral process as in verecunda. Clypeus as in verecunda but shagreening denser, usually posterior and lateral two-thirds dulled and apicomedial third or slightly less shiny to moderately shiny. Supraclypeal area dulled by minute punctures and irregular shagreening. Genal area in profile slightly broader than eye, sculptured as in verecunda. Vertex short, above lateral ocellus equal to slightly less than one ocellar diameter (about as 13:15), sculptured as in verecunda but punctures more abundant. Face above antennal fossae with distinct rugulae ending below level of lower margins of ocelli, interrugal spaces punctate. Facial fovea short, extending down 10 about level of upper margin of antennal fossae, lower end narrow but rounded, upper end rounded, separated from lateral ocellus by length equivalent to height of vertex above lateral ocellus.
Pronotum as in verecunda. Mesoscutum as in verecunda but parapsidal lines shorter than from their tips to margin of scutum. Remainder of thorax sculptured as in verecunda but propodeal dorsal enclosure with granulations basally and medially in addition to tessellation. Wings with three submarginal cells, vein 1st m-cu meets second submarginal cell near middle of cell; second cell short, along posterior margin equal to less than half but more than one-third of first cell, along dorsal margin longer than vein r from pterostigma to second cell; pterostigma as in verecunda. Middle basitarsus as in verecunda. Claws and tibial spurs normal.
Metasomal terga shiny, unshagreened or delicately so; tergum 1 with basal area punctures separated by 2-4 puncture widths, apical a9rea punctures more crowded and smaller; tergum 2 with basal area punctures separated mostly by 2-3 puncture widths, apical area punctures by 1-2 puncture widths; terga 3 and 4 with basal area punctures separated by 1 to 2 puncture widths, slightly more crowded apically. Pygidial plate V-shaped, broad basally, rounded apically. Sterna sculptured as in verecunda but punctures somewhat denser and surfaces shinier.
VESTITURE. — Generally white to cinereous. Terga 1-4 without apical fasciae or these reduced to extremely short, weak fasciae at extreme sides of terga 2ó1; terga 5 and 6 with long white hairs; scopal hairs white; otherwise vestiture as in verecunda.
MALE. MEASUREMENTS AND RATIOS. — N = 20; length, 10.0-12.5; width, 2.5-3.0; wins length, M = 3.27 ± 0.110 mm; FL/FW, M = 1.09 ± 0.006; FS1 /FS2, M = 2.70 ± 0.075.
INTEGUMENTAL COLOR. — As in female except as follows: flagellar segments 5-11 red below; tegulae more often rufescent and translucent; wing veins more often red.
STRUCTURE. — Antennae short, in repose just reaching middle of tegulae; scape equal in length or slightly longer than flagellar segments 1-3 (less than segments 1-4); flagellar segment 1 about equal in length to segments 2-4; segments 2-4 equal in length to each other, shorter than segment 5, segments 5-7 quadrate, remaining segments at least slightly longer than broad. Eye about three and one-fourth times as long as broad; inner margins converging slightly towards mandibles. Malar space, mandible and galea as in female. Maxillary palpus as in female but ratio of about 1.0:1.2:1.0:0.8:0.7:0.8. Labial palpus as in female but ratio of about 1.6:1.0:0.9:0.9. Labrum, clypeus, supraclypeal area, genal area, vertex and face above antennal fossae as in female.
Thoracic and metasomal sculpturing as in female except as follows: enclosure of propodeum less granular; lateral propodeal surfaces with minute punctures scattered throughout, surfaces dulled by fine tessellation; tergum 1 with punctures in both basal and apical areas sparser; tergum 2 with sparser punctures; terga 3-5 punctate similar to female terga 2-4; sterna 2-5 with sparser punctures basally. Wing veins and pterostigma as in female. Claws and tibial spurs normal. Sternum 6 only weakly reflexed apically or not at all, not thickened and heavily sclerotized apicolaterally.
Genitalia and sterna 7 and 8 (Figs. 174-178) much as in verecunda but note the following differences gonoforceps not abruptly narrowed apically; sternum 7 broader apically with median emargination larger; sternum 8 with apex more rounded.
VESTITURE. — Generally white to cinereous. Terga 2-5 without; apical fasciae or these reduced to extremely short fasciae at sides of terga. Sterna 2-5 without apical fimbriae. Inner surfaces tarsi pale yellow.
TYPE MATERIAL. — The female (USNM) holotype and male (USNM) allotype were collected by F. C. Bishopp at Dallas, Texas, May 6.; 1905, on Sitilias (= Pyrrhopappus) grandiflora.
DISTRIBUTION. — A. crawfordi is known from Texas to southern Kansas in the Great Plains (Fig. 11). It has been taken from March 28th through May 23rd. In addition to the type material, a total of 191 females and 94 males have been examined from the localities listed below.
KANSAS: Medicine Lodge, Barber Co. OKLAHOMA: Stillwater (3 miles E.). TEXAS: Ben Bolt; Braunfels; Clifton (3 miles N.E.); Corpus Christi; Cotulla; Crosby; Dallas; Edna; Eldorado; Fedor; Giddings (and 9 miles W. and 17 miles S.W.); Henly; Houston; LaGrange; Mannheim; Paige; Stonewall; Terrell; Victoria; Waco.
FLORAL RECORDS. — A. crawfordi is an oligolege of plants of the family Compositae, tribe Cichoriae. It has been collected a few limes on other composites or other families of plants, but females almost without exception carried pollen of Pyrrhopappus. The exceptions are 2 females (out of 125 with flower data) which were taken on Englemannia and carried a different pollen (presumably of the flower from which they were collected). Out of 171 bees with flower data (representing 30 collections) 119 (19 collections) were from Pyrrhopappus and 30 (8 collections) were from some other Composite. This leaves only 22 bees (3 collections) from other families. This bee has been collected from flowers of the following plants: Berlandiera sp.. Coreopsis sp., Englemannia bipinnatifida, Lindheimeri texana, Polygala alba, Pyrrhopappus sp., P. carolinianus, P. geiseri, P. grandiflora, P. multicaulis, Serinea sp., S. oppositifolia.
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References |
Andrena crawfordi Viereck, 1909, Proceedings of the Entomological Society Washington, vol. 11, p. 143; Pierce, 1909, Bulletin of the United States National Museum, vol. 66, p. 42; 1918, Proceedings of the United States National Museum, vol. 54, p. 456; Hendrickson, 1930, Iowa State College Journal of Science, vol. 4, p. 162 (misdetermination).
Andrena (Pterandrena) crawfordi: Lanham, 1949, University of California Publications in Entomology, vol. 8, p. 200.
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Updated: 2024-04-25 19:43:06 gmt
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