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Dorsal
spines
(total): 3;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 12-13;
Anal
spines
: 0;
Anal
soft rays
: 7 - 8. Color variable; has a black phase with white pectoral ray tips. Bony part of illicium with numerous dark crossbands and nearly twice as long as the 2nd dorsal spine; esca an elongate tuft of flattened appendage.
Inhabit shallow sheltered reefs (Ref.
9710
). Adults usually with sponges; juveniles openly on sand or reef, mimicking small sponges or nudibranchs (Ref.
48635
). Benthic (Ref.
58302
). Oviparous. Eggs are bound in ribbon-like sheath or mass of gelatinous mucus called 'egg raft' or 'veil' (Ref.
6773
).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity
|
Reproduction
|
Spawning
|
Eggs
|
Fecundity
|
Larvae
Oviparous. Eggs are bound in ribbon-like sheath or mass of gelatinous mucus called 'egg raft' or 'veil' (Ref.
6773
).
Pietsch, T.W. and D.B. Grobecker
, 1987. Frogfishes of the world. Systematics, zoogeography, and behavioral ecology. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California. 420 p. (Ref.
6773
)
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 25.1 - 29.3, mean 28.3 °C (based on 3097 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01995 (0.00906 - 0.04395), b=3.01 (2.83 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 4.4 ±0.8 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Fec assumed to be > 10,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Low vulnerability (20 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155
): Calcium = 42.8 [21.5, 74.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.591 [0.312, 1.055] mg/100g; Protein = 18.9 [16.4, 22.1] %; Omega3 = 0.113 [0.042, 0.280] g/100g; Selenium = 30.6 [14.0, 72.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 137 [35, 525] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.909 [0.576, 1.389] mg/100g (wet weight);
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