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Main identification features
- head profile: rounded
- operculum: rear border dark
- pectoral base: dark bar
- pectoral not to anal fin origin
Dorsal rays X-XIII,11-13 (usually XII,12), 2nd spine longest; anal rays III,10-11 (usually 10); pectoral rays 14-16 (usually 15); lateral-line scales 46-50; total gill rakers on first arch 9-12; slope of head profile gentle and rather smoothly rounded; pectoral fins short, not reaching origin of anal fin; body depth 2.2-2.4 in standard length; jaw teeth in bands, outer row teeth enlarged at front of jaws and somewhat caniniform; molariform teeth on lateral part of jaws; tail fin forked.
Generally silver grey with irregular blackish spots or blotches on body; rear edge of gill cover blackish; a black bar on upper pectoral- fin base and axil of fin blackish.
Size: attains 40 cm.
Inhabits sand-rubble bottoms adjacent to reefs
Depth: 3-40 m.
Galapagos Islands, Ecuador and Peru.
Attributes
Abundance: Common.
Cites: Not listed.
Climate Zone: Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo); South Temperate (Peruvian Province ).
Depth Range Max: 40 m.
Depth Range Min: 3 m.
Diet: sea-stars/cucumbers/urchins; mobile benthic crustacea (shrimps/crabs); mobile benthic gastropods/bivalves; mobile benthic worms.
Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=2; Southern limit=-9; Western limit=-93; Eastern limit=-79; Latitudinal range=11; Longitudinal range=14.
Egg Type: Pelagic; Pelagic larva.
Feeding Group: Carnivore.
FishBase Habitat: Bentho-Pelagic.
Global Endemism: TEP non-endemic; East Pacific endemic; All species.
Habitat: Reef associated (reef + edges-water column & soft bottom); Sand & gravel; Soft bottom (mud, sand,gravel, beach, estuary & mangrove); Soft bottom only.
Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Inshore Only.
IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed.
Length Max: 40 cm.
Regional Endemism: Island (s); Continent; Temperate Eastern Pacific, primarily; Continent + Island (s); Peruvian province, primarily; Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) non-endemic; All species.
Residency: Resident.
Salinity: Marine; Marine Only.
Water Column Position: Bottom; Bottom only;
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| Names | |
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- Allen , G.R. and Robertson, D.R., 1994., Fishes of the Tropical Eastern Pacific., Crawford House Press Pty Ltd:1-332.
- Hildebrand, S.F., 1946., A descriptive catalog of the shore fishes of Peru., Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 189:1-530.
- Humann, P., 1993., Reef Fish Identification: Galapagos., New World Publishing:192pp.
- Jenyns, L., 1842., Fish. In: C. Darwin, ed. The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. 'Beagle' under the command of Captain Fitzroy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. Issued in 4 parts., Smith, Elder & Co.:i-xvi + 1-172.
- Jordan , D.S. and Bollman, C.H., 1890., Descriptions of new species of fishes collected at the Galapagos Islands and along the coast of the United States of Colombia, 1887-88, by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer 'Albatross'., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 12:149-183.
- Jordan , D.S. and Evermann, B.W., 1898., The fishes of North and Middle America: a descriptive catalogue of the species of fish-like vertebrates found in the waters of North America, north of the Isthmus of Panama. Part II., Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 47:1241-2183.
- Molina, L., Danulat, E., Oviedo, M., González, J.A., 2004., Guía de especies de interés pesquero en la Reserva Marina de Galápagos., Fundación Charles Darwin / Agencia Espeñola de Cooperación Internacional / Dirección Parque Nacional Galápagos, 115pp.
- Snodgrass , R. E. and Heller, E., 1905., Papers from the Hopkins Stanford Galapagos expedition, 1898-1899. XVII. Shorefishes of the Revillagigedo, Clipperton, Cocos and Galapagos Island., Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., 6:333-427.
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