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Dorsal
spines
(total): 4;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 9;
Anal
spines
: 0;
Anal
soft rays
: 9. Light brown in color with dark spots on sides; fins with dark brown spots; males with black stripes or blotches on 1st dorsal fin, females with black blotch on 3rd membrane (Ref.
4405
). Ventral margin of preopercular spine convex (Ref 42832).
Found on sandy and muddy substrate of the coastal area down to a depth of about 100 m (Ref.
5213
). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 4405. Feeds on small benthic invertebrates, mainly crustaceans and worms (Ref.
5968
). Minimum depth of 2 m reported from Ref. 90102.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity
|
Reproduction
|
Spawning
|
Eggs
|
Fecundity
|
Larvae
Bauchot, M.-L.
, 1987. Poissons osseux. p. 891-1421. In W. Fischer, M.L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) Fiches FAO d'identification pour les besoins de la pêche. (rev. 1). Méditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de pêche 37. Vol. II. Commission des Communautés Européennes and FAO, Rome. (Ref.
3397
)
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 17.9 - 27.9, mean 24 °C (based on 810 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01148 (0.00668 - 0.01973), b=2.76 (2.62 - 2.90), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 3.3 ±0.39 se; based on food items.
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
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