Extracted from: Shinn, A.F. 1967. A Revision of the Genus Calliopsis and the biology and Ecology of C. andreniformis (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae). U. Kans. Sci. Bull. 46: 753-936.
The closest relative of this species is sonora from which it is differentiated
in the male by the small tan scutellar and metanotal hair pads, and in the
female by the key characters of couplet 14. In Louisiana and Texas it may be
mistaken for andreniformis, from which it is readily distinguished in the
male by the much longer flagellum, and in the female by the distinctive fine
puncturing on a finely roughened ground.
FEMALE. Length, 7mm; forewing length, 4.9 mm; hindwing length 3.45
mm; clypeal length, 0.49 mm; scutal length, 1.29 mm.
Head. Yellow areas: (1) paraocular area as in rhodophila but yellow not touching lower border of facial fovea; (2) as in rhodophila; (4) supraclypeal
area, broadly semilunar, extending to below midlevel of antenna! socket; (5)
absent on subantennal plate (to all yellow). (8) Hair like andreniformis, except
clypeal hairs fulvous (to brown). (10) Punctures along ocellocular line
3 pwa, very fine, with dull roughened interspaces; impunctate area laterally
aajacent to posterior ocellus dull (30X); frontal punctures adjacent to upper
pO' rtion of frontal line finer than in rhodophila, distinct, somewhat shallower,
1-2 pwa, interspaces dull, roughened (30X). (12) Clypeus with punctures of
disc much larger than upper frontal ones, 2-3 pwa, interspaces roughened ex•
cept shiny in median apical portion. (13) Orbital convergence ratio as 138:
131,1.05. Facial fovea shallow, broadened medially (to almost borderless in
some Panamanian specimens). (14) Galea smooth, shiny; length slightly less
than, to subequal to, antennocellar; galeal gap more than twice length of galea
exposed beyond closed mandibles, 0.61 :0.26. Some hairs of stipes bent abruptly
at tip and often curled in a plane perpendicular to the shaft. (15) Head
width to head length as 2.30:1.72,1.34. (17) Eye length, mio, and flagellar
length as 1.24 :1.31 :1.41. (18) lnterocellar, antennocular, and interantennal
as 0.37:0.41:0.36:0.34. (19) Ocellolabral greater than clypeal width, 1.45:1.38,
1.05. (20) Clypeocellar to outer subantennal sutural as 0.94:0.75,1.25. (21) Basal labial palpomere 1.5 times length of others combined; many ventral
hairs, thickened to stout setae. (22) Flagellar length about 2.3 times length
of scape, 1.41:0.61.
Mesosoma. (23) Light area yellow; medial interruption of pronotal stripe
about 2.5 mow. (24) Longer scutal and scutellar hairs only slightly darker
than shorter hairs. Hair of metanotum white. (25) Scutal disc with punctures
very fine, deep, distinct, about 2 pwa, interspaces extremely dulled by
very fine roughening. (26) Dorsal enclosure of propodeum shiny, with numerous
vermiform ridges, posterior border carinate; median portion about
same length as lateral portion. (27) Foreleg without yellow spot on femur.
(28) Middle leg colored like foreleg; spur length about 0.6 times length of
middle basitarsus. (30) Tegula brown. (32) Marginal cell 6-9 greater than,
and 3-4 less than 9-wt, 1.11 :0.85 :1.00.
Metasoma. (34) Tergal hair bands white. (35) Tergum 1 with punctures
of median area exceedingly fine, 3 pwa, interspaces dull, finely roughened.
MALE. Length, 6.0 mm; forewing length, 4.5 mm; hindwing length, 3.40
mm, clypeal length, 0.44 mm, scutal length, 1.05 mm
Head. Yellow areas: (1) paraocular area as described for subgenus, upper
boundary a relatively straight line; (2) clypeus, dots testaceous; lateral border
of apex pale; frontoclypeal suture pale; (4) supraclypeal area, truncate dorsally
(to somewhat emarginate) at midlevel of antenna! socket; (5) subantennal
plate; (7) scape, except a roughly triangular area of brown, base of triangle
along apex of scape anteriorly and posteriorly, apex of triangle near
middle of scape; pedicel, on lateral half; flagellomeres 1 and 3 partly brown.
Scape unusually long. (8) Hair on vertex, frons, and clypeus fulvous. (10)
Punctures of upper frons finest in subgenus, 2 pwa, interspaces smooth. (11)
Frontal line with lower portion a relatively high (lower than in rhodophila,
higher than in mourei), sharp carina. (13) Orbital convergence ratio as 1.33:
1.04,1.28. (14) Galea shiny, smooth at tip, lightly pebbled, dulled basad, slim,
tip narrowly rounded; galeal gap greater than (to subequal to) length of
galea exposed beyond closed mandibles, 0.46 :0.26. (15) Head width to head
length as 2.13:1.63,1.30. (17) Eye length, mio, and flagellar length as 1.17:
1.04 :2.16. (18) Interocellar, ocellocular, antennocular, and interantennal as
0.32:0.41 :0.26:0.31. (19) Ocellolabral slightly less than clypeal width, 1.29:1.34,
0.96. (20) Clypeocellar to outer subantennal sutural as 0.85:0.70,1.22. (21)
Basal labial palpomere 1.4 times length of others combined. (22) Flagellar
length about 4.1 times length of scape, 2.16:0.53.
Mesosoma. (23) Light areas yellow. (24) Scutal and scutellar hair white
to pale fulvous. Scutellar hair pads tan, small, confined to outer half of lateral
portion of scutellum; often hidden by base of wing. Metanotal hair pads tan,
oval, separated by 0.39 mm or about 2 mow. (25) Scutal disc with punctures
fine, mostly 1.0-1.5 pwa, interspaces finely roughened, somewhat shiny. (26) Dorsal enclosure of propodeum with indistinct reticulated ridges, interspaces
strongly roughened, somewhat shiny. (27) Legs with light color the same as
on face. Foreleg yellow except basal half of coxa dark brown, distitarsus testaceous.
(28) Middle leg yellow except dorsal half of coxa dark brown, apicotarsus
testaceous. (29) Hind leg yellow except base of coxa, dorsal apex of
femur, and basal rim ( often entire base) of basitibial plate brown, apicotarsus
testaceous. (32) Marginal cell 6-9 greater than, and 3-4 slightly less than 9-wt,
1.02 :0.75 :0.88.
Metasoma. (34) Tergal hair bands as in granti. (35) Tergum 1 with
punctures of median area exceedingly fine, distinct, 2-3 pwa, interspaces finely
roughened, dull. (37) Sterna brown.p>
TYPE MATERIAL. The female holotype taken at Zamorano, Honduras, in
December, is in the U.S. National Museum (U.S.N.M. No. 58444). Zamorano
is S.S.E. of Tegucigalpa, in the mountains, at latitude 14.01 ° N., longitude
87.01° W. The above description of the male is principally based on a specimen
from Amatitlan, Guatemala, 4000 ft., July 6, 1947 (C. and P. Vaurie).
D1sTRIBUTION. This is the most widespread species in the genus. It occurs
from Central Panama to northwestern Louisiana. It is remarkable that
despite the huge area covered by this bee, it is instantly recognizable and
varies relatively little geographically. Specimens from Chiapas are darker
than others, with the male pronotal lobes almost entirely dark; they also show
considerable pebbling which dulls the galea, whereas others are smooth and
very shiny.
This bee is the only species of Calliopsis which has been collected in every
month of the year, owing to its occurrence in tropical latitudes. Likely enough
its activity span in any one area is little more than in its relatives: a few
months. Collections in Panama tend to confirm this opinion: they date only
from November to February. Michener (1954) suggests the limitation of
4ondurasica activity by rainfall rather than temperature, C. hondurasica flies
·during the early part of the dry season when moist conditions with clear,
sunny days bring numerous flowering plants into bloom.
In addition to the type, specimens have been studied from the following localities: Lou1s1ANA:
Robson, U.S.D.A. Pecan Field Station. TExAs: Brownsville; Cameron Co.; Giddings, Lee Co.;
Hidalgo; Mission (State Park on Rio Grande nearby), Hidalgo Co.; Progreso; Richmond, Fort
Bend Co.; Riogrande (5 mi. E.); San Manuel (IO mi. S.); Santa Maria; Southmost, Cameron Co.;
Sweeny. CHIAPAs: Comit.in (15 mi. N.W.); San Crist6bal de las Casas (39 mi. E.); Simojovel
(4 mi. S.). GUERRERO: Amula, 6000 ft.; Chilpancingo, 3700 ft.; lguala (13 mi. N.), 3900 ft.;
Taxco (19.5 mi. N.E.), 4800 ft.; Tepetlapa, 3000 ft. MICHOACAN: Ap.itzingan (4, 11 mi. E.).
MORELOS: Yautepec (4 mi. S.W.), 3800 ft. NAYARIT: San Blas (5 mi. E.), 25 ft. OAXACA: Oaxaca.
SAN LUIS PoTOsI: Ciudad de! MalZ (5 mi. E.), 4700 ft.; El Naranjo (3.4 mi. N.E.), 800 ft.; El
Saito, 1800 ft. TAMAULIPAs: El Lim6n; Jimenez (22 mi. S.); Padilla; Tampico, VERACRUZ: C6r•
d0ba; Gutierrez Zamora (4 mi. E.), 100 ft.; Nautla; Puente Nacional (4 mi. W.), 900 ft.
YucATAN: Temax. GUATEMALA: Amatitlfo, 4000 ft.; Guatemala City, 5000 ft. HONDURAS: Agua
Azul; Zamorano. COSTA R1cA: Playa del Coco. PANAMA: Chillibre, Panam.i Province; David; Old
Panama; Panama City; Pueblo Nuevo, Panam:i Province; Salanas. CANAL ZONE: Ancon Hill;
Chiva Chiva; Corozal; Fort Clayton; Summit.
BrnNoM1cs. Professor Alvaro Wille of the University of Costa Rica at San
Jose has kindly furnished, through Professor Charles D. Michener, fragmenLary
notes on nesting sites, nest density, and the form of the burrow. These
are discussed in comparison with andreniformis in connection with biology
and ecology of the latter.
FLOWER RECORDS. Cassia, Kallostroemia hirsutissima, Lippia, Nama
undulatum, Phyla strigosa, Teucrium, Trifolium repens, Verbena.
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