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- Australian Faunal Directory
- FishBase
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Overview |
Main identification features
- elongate;large eye
- d: black + white tip
Body relatively elongate; eye large; dorsal rays VIII+I,19-22; anal rays II+I,14-17; gill rakers on first arch (excluding rudiments) 6-8 + 15-19; lateral line with pronounced, but relatively long arch anteriorly; straight part of lateral line with 27-36 strong scutes; breast completely scaled.
Iridescent blue green on back, shading to silvery white below; a small blackish spot near upper end of gill opening; lateral line scutes yellowish to black. Easily identified in the field by its large dark eye and the dark, white-tipped dorsal fin lobe.
Size: reaches 120 cm; at least 14.3 kg..
Habitat: a nocturnal species, usually seen milling in stationary aggregations during the day at the edges of reefs; juveniles in estuaries and into freshwater.
Depth: 1-96 m.
Widely distributed in the tropical Indo-Pacific from East Africa to the Americas; from southern California to the lower Gulf of California to nothern Peru and all the offshore islands.
Attributes
Abundance: Common.
Cites: Not listed.
Climate Zone: Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap); Northern Tropical (Mexican Province to Nicaragua + Revillagigedos); Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo); North Temperate (Californian Province &/or Northern Gulf of California).
Depth Range Max: 96 m.
Depth Range Min: 1 m.
Diet: mobile benthic crustacea (shrimps/crabs); bony fishes.
Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=33; Southern limit=-4; Western limit=-118; Eastern limit=-78; Latitudinal range=37; Longitudinal range=40.
Egg Type: Pelagic; Pelagic larva.
Feeding Group: Carnivore.
FishBase Habitat: Reef Associated.
Global Endemism: All Pacific (West + Central + East); Indo-Pacific only (Indian + Pacific Oceans); TEP non-endemic; "Transpacific" (East + Central &/or West Pacific); All species.
Habitat: Corals; Estuary; Mangrove; Reef associated (reef + edges-water column & soft bottom); Rocks; Soft bottom (mud, sand,gravel, beach, estuary & mangrove); Reef (rock &/or coral); Reef and soft bottom; Freshwater; Water column.
Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Offshore; In & Offshore.
IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed.
Length Max: 120 cm.
Regional Endemism: Island (s); Continent; Continent + Island (s); Eastern Pacific non-endemic; Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) non-endemic; All species.
Residency: Resident.
Salinity: Brackish; Marine; Freshwater.
Water Column Position: Bottom; Mid Water; Near Bottom; Bottom + water column;
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Names | |
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Links to other sites | |
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References |
- Acero, A. and Franke, R., 2001., Peces del parque nacional natural Gorgona. En: Barrios, L. M. y M. Lopéz-Victoria (Eds.). Gorgona marina: Contribución al conocimiento de una isla única., INVEMAR, Serie Publicaciones Especiales No. 7:123-131.
- Allen , G.R. and Robertson, D.R., 1994., Fishes of the Tropical Eastern Pacific., Crawford House Press Pty Ltd:1-332.
- Allen , G.R. and Robertson, D.R., 1997., An Annotated Checklist of the fishes of Clipperton Atoll, Tropical Eastern Pacific., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 45:813-843.
- Béarez, P., 1996., Lista de los Peces Marinos del Ecuador Continental., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 44:731-741.
- Castri-Aguirre, J.L., Espinoza-Pérez, H. and Schmitter-Soto, J.J., 2002., Lista sitemática, biogeográfica y ecológica de la ictiofauna estuarino lagunar y vicaria de México. En: Lozano-Vilano, M. L. (Ed.). Libro Jubilar en Honor al Dr. Salvador Contreras Balderas., Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León:117-142.
- Castro-Aguirre, J.L. and Balart, E.F., 2002., La ictiofauna de las islas Revillagigedos y sus relaciones zoogeograficas, con comentarios acerca de su origen y evolucion. En: Lozano-Vilano, M. L. (Ed.). Libro Jubilar en Honor al Dr. Salvador Contreras Balderas., Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León:153-170.
- Castro-Aguirre, J.L., 1999., Ictiofauna estuarino-lagunar y vicaria de México., Editorial Limusa S.A. de C.V.: 1-629pp.
- Findley, L.T., Hendrickx, M.E., Brusca, R.C., van der Heiden, A.M., Hastings, P.A., Torre, J., 2003., Diversidad de la Macrofauna Marina del Golfo de California, Mexico., CD-ROM versión 1.0. Projecto de la Macrofauna del Golfo . Derechos reservados de los autores y Conservación Internacional.
- Fischer , W. , Krup , F. , Schneider , W. , Sommer , C. , Carpenter , K. E. and Niem, V. H., 1995., Guia FAO para la Identificacion de Especies de para los fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. Volumen II. Vertebrados - Parte 1., FAO2:647-1200.
- Fowler, H.W., 1944., Results of the Fifth George Vanderbilt Expedition (1941) (Bahamas, Caribbean sea, Panama, Galapagos Archipelago and Mexican Pacific Islands). The Fishes., Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadel., Monographs, 6:57-529.
- Franke , R. and Acero P., A., 1993., Peces Carangoideos del Parque Gorgona, Pacific Colombiano (Osteichthyes: Carangidae, Nemastistiidae y Coryphaenidae)., Revista de Biología Marina, Valparaiso, 28:51-73.
- Galván-Magaña, F., Abitia-Cárdenas, L.A., Rodríguez-Romero, J., Pérez-España, H., Chávez-Ramos, H., 1996., Systematics list of the fishes from Cerralvo island, Baja California Sur, Mexico., Ciencias Marinas, 22:295-311.
- Galván-Magaña, F., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, F., Abitia-Cárdenas, L.A., Rodríguez-Romero, J., 2000., The distribution and affinities of the shore fishes of the Baja California Sur lagoons. In Aquatic Ecosystems of Mexico: Status and Scope. Eds. M. Manuwar, S.G. Lawrence, I.F. Manuwar & D.F. Malley. Ecovision World Monograph Series., Backhuys Publishers:383-398.
- Gill, T.N., 1863., Catalogue of the fishes of Lower California, in the Smithsonian Institution, collected by Mr. J. Xantus. Part 4., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 15:80-88.
- Humann, P., 1993., Reef Fish Identification: Galapagos., New World Publishing:192pp.
- Hunter, J. R. and Mitchell, C. T., 1966., Association of fishes with flotsam in the offshore waters of Central America., Fishery Bulletin, 66:13-29.
- Jimenez-Prado, P., Béarez, P., 2004., Peces marinos del Ecuador continental / Marine fishes of continental Ecuador., SIMBIOE/NAZCA/IFEA tomo 1 y 2.
- Jordan , and McGregor,., 1898., List of fishes collected at the Revillagigedo archipelago and neighboring islands., Rept. U.S. Fisheries Comm., 24:271-284.
- Jordan, D.S., 1895., The fishes of Sinaloa., Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 2), 5:377-514.
- Kendall , W.C. and Radcliffe, L., 1912., The shore fishes. Reports on the scientific results of the expedition to the eastern tropical Pacific, ... by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer ALBATROSS, from October, 1904, to March, 1905, Lieut. Commander L.M. Garret, U.S.N., Commanding. XXV., Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., 35(3):75-171.
- Lea, R.N. and Rosenblatt, R.H., 2000., Observations on fishes associated with the 1997-1998 El Niño off California., CalCOFL Rep., 41:117-129.
- Lea, R.N. and Walker Jr., H.J., 1995., Record of the bigeye trevally, Caranx sexfasciatus, and Mexican lookdown, Selene brevoorti, with notes on other carangids from California., Calif. Fish & Game, 81:89-95.
- Lopez , M. I. and Bussing, W. A., 1982., Lista provisional de los peces marinos de la Costa Rica., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 30(1):5-26.
- Love, M.S., Mecklenburg, C.W., Mecklenburg, T.A., Thorsteinson, L.K., 2005., es of the West Coast and Alaska: a checklist of North Pacific and Artic Ocena species from Baja California to the Alaska-Yukon border., U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, 288pp.
- Madrid Vera , J. , Ruíz Luna , A. and Rosado Bravo, I., 1998., Peces de la plataforma continental de Michoacán y sus relaciones regionales en el Pacífico mexicano., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 42(2):267-276.
- Meek , S.E. and Hildebrand, S.F., 1925., The marine fishes of Panama. Part II., Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser. Publ., XV:331-707.
- Molina, L., Danulat, E., Oviedo, M., González, J.A., 2004., Guía de especies de interés pesquero en la Reserva Marina de Galápagos., Fundación Charles Darwin / Agencia Espeñola de Cooperación Internacional / Dirección Parque Nacional Galápagos, 115pp.
- Quoy , J. R. C. and Gaimard, J. P., 1824., Description des Poissons. Chapter IX. In: Freycinet, L. de, Voyage autour du Monde...exécuté sur les corvettes de L. M. "L'Uranie" et "La Physicienne," pendant les années 1817, 1818, 1819 et 1820. Paris., Voyage Uranie, Zool., :1-328.
- Ricker, K.E., 1959., Fishes collected from the Revillagigedo Islands during the 1954-1958 cruises of the "Marijean."., Univ. Brit. Columbia Inst. Fish., Mus. Contrib., 4:10pp.
- Ricker, K.E., 1959., Mexican shore and pelagic fishes collected from Acapulco to Cape San Lucas during the 1957 cruise of the "Marijean"., Univ. Brit. Columbia Inst. Fish., Mus. Contrib., 3:18pp.
- Robertson , D.R. and Allen, G.A., 1996., Zoogeography of the shorefish fauna of Clipperton Atoll., Coral Reefs, 15:121-131.
- Snodgrass , R. E. and Heller, E., 1905., Papers from the Hopkins Stanford Galapagos expedition, 1898-1899. XVII. Shorefishes of the Revillagigedo, Clipperton, Cocos and Galapagos Island., Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., 6:333-427.
- Sánchez Ortíz , C. , Arreola Robles , J. L. , Aburto Oropeza , O. and Cortés Hernández, M., 1997., Peces de arrecife en la región de La Paz, B.C.S.. En Urbán Ramírez, J. y M. Ramírez Rodríguez (Eds.). La Bahía de La Paz investigación y conservación., Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur:189-200.
- Van der Heiden , A. M. and Findley, L. T., 1988., Lista de los peces marinos del sur de Sinaloa, México., Anales del Centro de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia de la Universidad Autonoma Nacional de Mexico, 15:209-224.
- Vega, A.J., Villareal, N., 2003., Peces asociados a arrecifes y manglares en el Parque Nacional Coiba., Tecnociencia, 5:65-76.
- Walker, B. W. and Baldwin, W. J., 1964., Provisional check list of fishes of the Revillagigedo islands., 18 pp.
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Acknowledgements | |
I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.
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Following modified from Australian Faunal Directory
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| &pull 20q v5.145 20180528: Error 301 Moved Permanently http://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/e267183b-dbb9-4ffe-8b7c-a23e299485d3 |
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Following modified from FishBase
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http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Caranx&speciesname=sexfasciatus ---> http://52.67.158.155/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Caranx&speciesname=sexfasciatus
http://52.67.158.155/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Caranx&speciesname=sexfasciatus ---> https://fishbase.net.br/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Caranx&speciesname=sexfasciatus
https://fishbase.net.br/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Caranx&speciesname=sexfasciatus ---> https://fishbase.net.br/summary/Caranx-sexfasciatus.html
Caranx sexfasciatus, Bigeye trevally : fisheries, gamefish
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Caranx sexfasciatus
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Teleostei (teleosts) >
Carangiformes
(Jacks) >
Carangidae
(Jacks and pompanos) > Caranginae
Etymology:
Caranx:
French, carangue, the name of a Caribbean fish; 1836 (Ref.
45335
)
.
More on authors:
Quoy
&
Gaimard
.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; freshwater; brackish; reef-associated; amphidromous; depth range 0 - 146 m (Ref.
57178
). Tropical; 26°C - 29°C; 32°N - 36°S, 25°E - 77°W
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to Hawaii, north to southern Japan and the Ogasawara Islands, south to Australia and New Caledonia. Eastern Pacific: southwestern coast of Baja California Sur, Mexico and the Gulf of California to Ecuador and the Galapagos Islands (Ref.
9283
).
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
42.0
range ? - ? cm
Max length : 120 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
9987
); common length : 60.0 cm FL male/unsexed; (Ref.
3287
); max. published weight: 18.0 kg (Ref.
9987
)
Dorsal
spines
(total): 9;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 19-22;
Anal
spines
: 3;
Anal
soft rays
: 14 - 17;
Vertebrae
: 25. This species is distinguished by the following characters: dorsal profile moderately convex anteriorly; adipose eyelid well developed, moderate anteriorly, posterior eyelid extends onto eye to rear border of pupil; gill rakers (including rudiments) 6-8 + 15-19 = 21-25; straight part of lateral line with 0-3 anterior scales followed by 27-36 strong, dark scutes; breast completely scaly; vertebrae 10+15; upper jaw with outer row of strong canines widely spaced in adults, and an inner band of small villiform teeth, widest at symphysis; on lower limb of first gill arch jaw with a single row of strong conical teeth widely spaced in adults. Colour in life with adults' head and body silvery olive to iridescent blue-green above, silvery olive to whitish below; small blackish spot, much smaller than pupil diameter, at upper angle of opercle (this spot evident on specimens of about 14 cm fork length); second dorsal fin olive to blackish, the lobe with a white tip (white tip becomes more obvious with increasing size) (Ref.
9894
).
Adults inhabit coastal and oceanic waters associated with reefs (Ref.
9283
,
58302
). Pelagic at 1-96 m (Ref.
58302
). They are often seen in large daytime schools but solitary at night when feeding (Ref.
90102
). During the day they are usually seen milling in stationary aggregations (Ref.
44894
), forming slow-moving schools in the passes or outside the reef (Ref.
4795
). Juveniles may be encountered in estuaries (Ref.
9283
,
44894
), occasionally entering rivers and penetrating well inland (Ref.
2847
,
44894
). Adults feed mainly on fishes, squids and crustaceans (Ref.
9283
, Ref.
90102
). They are caught mainly on hook-and-line; also with gill nets, purse seines, and other artisanal gear (Ref.
9894
). Marketed fresh, dried or salted (Ref.
9283
) and frozen (Ref.
9987
). Consumed broiled and baked (Ref.
9987
).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity
|
Reproduction
|
Spawning
|
Eggs
|
Fecundity
|
Larvae
Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley
, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref.
7300
)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref.
130435
)
Least Concern (LC)
; Date assessed:
13 December 2018
CITES
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref.
130160
)
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes
FAO - Fisheries:
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; Publication:
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Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 22.3 - 28.9, mean 27.3 °C (based on 2054 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01820 (0.01500 - 0.02207), b=2.95 (2.92 - 2.98), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 4.5 ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 4.6 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.24).
Prior r = 0.46, 95% CL = 0.30 - 0.68, Based on 1 stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Moderate to high vulnerability (45 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649
): High to very high vulnerability (72 of 100).
Price category (Ref.
80766
):
High
.
Nutrients (Ref.
124155
): Calcium = 15.5 [7.0, 30.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.33 [0.18, 0.64] mg/100g; Protein = 20.3 [18.1, 22.8] %; Omega3 = 0.14 [0.08, 0.23] g/100g; Selenium = 53.9 [26.8, 111.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 57.2 [17.0, 188.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.439 [0.317, 0.628] mg/100g (wet weight);
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