21.
Carex
retroflexa
Muhlenberg ex Willdenow, Sp. Pl. 4(1): 235. 1805.
Plants without conspicuous rhizomes. Culms 10—75 cm, 1.3—1.8 mm wide basally, 0.5—0.8 mm wide distally. Leaves: sheaths tight, green, fronts hyaline; ligules less than 2 mm, wider than long; widest leaf blades 1.4—3 mm wide. Inflorescences with 3—9 spikes, 1—4 cm × 5—9 mm; proximal internodes 1—3 times as long as proximal spikes; proximal bracts to 6 cm; spikes with 3—10 spreading perigynia. Pistillate scales hyaline with green midvein, ovate, 2—3 × 1.4—1.6 mm, 3/4 length to equaling perigynia, apex acute to acuminate. Anthers 1.5—2.3 mm. Perigynia green to pale yellow, faces weakly veined, 2.5—3.2 × 1.2—1.8 mm, base of body spongy, thickened and longitudinally striate adaxially, spongy region 0.8—1.5 mm, margins entire, serrulate distally; beak 0.7—1 mm, apical teeth 0.1—0.3 mm. Stigmas straight or slightly twisted, 0.05 mm wide. Achenes ovate-circular, 1.3—1.6 × 1.3—1.5 mm. 2n = 40.
Fruiting spring. Thickets and openings in dry deciduous forests; 10—500 m; Ont.; Ark., Conn., Del., D.C., Fla., Ga., Ill., Ind., Kans., Ky., La., Md., Mass., Mich., Miss., Mo., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Okla., Pa., R.I., S.C., Tenn., Tex., Va., W.Va.
Records of Carex retroflexa and C. texensis are not always clearly distinguished, consequently some reports of C. retroflexa may refer to C. texensis.
