http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Cephalopholis&speciesname=sonnerati ---> http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Cephalopholis&speciesname=sonnerati http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Cephalopholis&speciesname=sonnerati ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Cephalopholis&speciesname=sonnerati https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Cephalopholis&speciesname=sonnerati ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/summary/Cephalopholis-sonnerati.html
Cephalopholis sonnerati, Tomato hind : fisheries
You can
sponsor
this page
Common name (e.g. trout)
Genus + Species (e.g. Gadus morhua)
-
-
About this page
-
Languages
-
User feedbacks
-
Citation
-
Uploads
-
Related species
-
Tomato hind
Add your observation in
Fish Watcher
Upload your
photos
and
videos
Pictures
|
Videos |
Google image
Cephalopholis sonnerati
Picture by
Randall, J.E.
Teleostei (teleosts) >
Perciformes/Serranoidei
(Groupers) >
Epinephelidae
(Groupers)
Etymology:
Cephalopholis:
Greek, kephale = head + Greek, pholis = scale (Ref.
45335
)
.
More on author:
Valenciennes
.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; reef-associated; non-migratory; depth range 10 - 150 m (Ref.
9710
), usually 20 - 150 m (Ref.
9710
). Tropical; 34°N - 32°S, 31°E - 158°W (Ref.
5222
)
Indo-Pacific: east coast of Africa (Djibouti, Socotra to Durban) to the Line Islands, north to southern Japan, south to southern Queensland (Australia). Not found at the Chagos Archipelago despite intensive survey and not reported from the Red Sea and Persian Gulf.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
 
?
, range 28 - ? cm
Max length : 57.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
5222
); common length : 30.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
5450
)
Dorsal
spines
(total): 9;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 14-16;
Anal
spines
: 3;
Anal
soft rays
: 9. This species is distinguished by the following characters: body depth greater than or subequal to head length, 2.3-2.7 times in standard length (for specimens 9-41 cm SL); dorsal head profile of adults straight to concave, the nape distinctly convex; pectoral fins subequal to pelvic fins, 1.5-1.7 times in head length for specimens of 15-40 cm length (in specimens larger than 40 cm, the pelvic fins are longer than the pectoral fins); pelvic fins reaching to or beyond anus; ctenoid body scales, cycloid on abdomen. Colour: Adults from Pacific Ocean generally pale reddish to yellowish brown, covered with numerous small brownish red or dark brown spots on head, body, and fins; while the juveniles are dark reddish brown to nearly black, the rear margin of caudal fin and sometimes pectoral fins whitish; or body brownish orange with scattered pale greenish spots, and black spot between upper and middle opercular spines (Ref.
39231
,
90102
).
Adults occur in deep lagoon reefs and steep outer reef slopes and in coastal areas with rocky substrates. Juveniles are usually found near sponges or coral heads (Ref.
9710
). Adults usually at moderate depths with bommies with large holes, usually occupied by cleaner shrimps (Ref.
48635
). They are solitary (Ref.
90102
) and are usually caught in depths of 30 to 100 m, but in Madagascar, they occur in depths of 10 to 20 m. They feed on small fishes and crustaceans including shrimps, crabs and stomatopods (Ref.
37816
). Females mature at about 28 cm SL and males at about 34 cm SL (Ref.
6448
). Are sold in Hong Kong live fish markets (Ref.
27253
). They are generally marketed fresh (Ref.
5284
) and of commercial importance throughout most of its range. They are primarily caught with hook-and-line, spear, and in traps (Ref.
39231
).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity
|
Reproduction
|
Spawning
|
Eggs
|
Fecundity
|
Larvae
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall
, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref.
5222
)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref.
130435
)
Least Concern (LC)
; Date assessed:
15 November 2017
CITES
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial
FAO - Publication:
search
|
FishSource
|
Sea Around Us
More information
Countries
FAO areas
Ecosystems
Occurrences
Introductions
Stocks
Ecology
Diet
Food items
Food consumption
Ration
Common names
Synonyms
Metabolism
Predators
Ecotoxicology
Reproduction
Maturity
Spawning
Spawning aggregation
Fecundity
Eggs
Egg development
Age/Size
Growth
Length-weight
Length-length
Length-frequencies
Morphometrics
Morphology
Larvae
Larval dynamics
Recruitment
Abundance
BRUVS
References
Aquaculture
Aquaculture profile
Strains
Genetics
Electrophoreses
Heritability
Diseases
Processing
Nutrients
Mass conversion
Collaborators
Pictures
Stamps, Coins Misc.
Sounds
Ciguatera
Speed
Swim. type
Gill area
Otoliths
Brains
Vision
Tools
E-book
|
Field guide
|
Identification keys
|
Length-frequency wizard
|
Life-history tool
|
Point map
|
Classification Tree
|
Catch-MSY
|
Special reports
Check for Aquarium maintenance
|
Check for Species Fact Sheets
|
Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets
Download XML
Summary page
|
Point data
|
Common names
|
Photos
Internet sources
AFORO (otoliths)
|
Aquatic Commons
|
BHL
|
Cloffa
|
BOLDSystems
|
Websites from users
|
Check FishWatcher
|
CISTI
|
Catalog of Fishes
:
genus
,
species
|
DiscoverLife
|
ECOTOX
| FAO - Publication:
search
|
Faunafri
| Fishipedia |
Fishtrace
| GenBank:
genome
,
nucleotide
|
GloBI
|
Google Books
|
Google Scholar
|
Google
|
IGFA World Record
|
MitoFish
|
National databases
|
Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes
|
PubMed
|
Reef Life Survey
|
Socotra Atlas
|
Tree of Life
| Wikipedia:
Go
,
Search
| World Records Freshwater Fishing |
Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 21.2 - 29, mean 27.6 °C (based on 2728 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01318 (0.01062 - 0.01636), b=3.05 (3.02 - 3.08), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 3.8 ±0.60 se; based on food items.
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Fec = 42,252).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100).
Price category (Ref.
80766
):
Very high
.
Nutrients (Ref.
124155
): Calcium = 36.1 [19.1, 59.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.452 [0.251, 0.846] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [16.7, 20.2] %; Omega3 = 0.164 [0.103, 0.266] g/100g; Selenium = 50.5 [26.0, 86.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 84.2 [31.1, 255.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.812 [0.561, 1.304] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
Back to Search
Random Species
Back to Top
Accessed through:
Not available
FishBase mirror site :
localhost
Page last modified by :
mrius-barile
- 20 July 2016
Fatal error
: Uncaught ArgumentCountError: Too few arguments to function checkEcotox(), 1 passed in /var/www/html/summary/speciessummary.php on line 2304 and exactly 3 expected in /var/www/html/includes/speciessummary.lib.php:2579 Stack trace: #0 /var/www/html/summary/speciessummary.php(2304): checkEcotox() #1 {main} thrown in
/var/www/html/includes/speciessummary.lib.php
on line
2579
|