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Body a strongly compressed oval disc; mouth small, at end of pointed snout, snout short, ~2X eye diameter; teeth long and slender; lateral line ends under dorsal fin; scales rough, covering head body and dorsal and anal fins; dorsal rays XI-XIII, 22-25; A III, 17-19; pectoral 15-16; 35-44 lateral line scales.
Body and fins bright yellow, shading to brown on upper back; a black bar from forehead through eye, with white bar immediately behind; an oblique black bar angled from upper edge of opercle to back of spiny dorsal; thin oblique brown lines on lower body; a black bar from soft dorsal onto tail base.
Size: 20 cm.
Habitat: rocky and coral reefs.
Depth: 1-30 m.
Indo-Pacific; vagrant in the Galapagos and Cocos.
Attributes Abundance: Common. Cites: Not listed. Climate Zone: Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo). Depth Range Max: 30 m. Depth Range Min: 1 m. Diet: benthic microalgae; mobile benthic gastropods/bivalves; hard corals; sessile worms. Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=6; Southern limit=-2; Western limit=-93; Eastern limit=-87; Latitudinal range=8; Longitudinal range=6. Egg Type: Pelagic; Pelagic larva. Feeding Group: Omnivore. FishBase Habitat: Reef Associated. Global Endemism: All Pacific (West + Central + East); Indo-Pacific only (Indian + Pacific Oceans); TEP non-endemic; "Transpacific" (East + Central &/or West Pacific); All species. Habitat: Corals; Reef associated (reef + edges-water column & soft bottom); Rocks; Reef (rock &/or coral); Reef only. Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Inshore Only. IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed. Length Max: 20 cm. Regional Endemism: Island (s) only; Island (s); Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) non-endemic; Eastern Pacific non-endemic; All species. Residency: Vagrant. Salinity: Marine; Marine Only. Water Column Position: Bottom; Near Bottom; Bottom + water column;
Indo-Pacific: East Africa to the Hawaiian, Marquesan, and Ducie islands, north to southern Japan, south to Lord Howe and Rapa islands. Southeast Atlantic: East London, South Africa (Ref.
5372
).
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
?
range ? - ? cm
Max length : 20.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
9710
); max. reported age: 9 years (Ref.
72479
)
Nocturnal species that is usually in pairs or small groups in shallow reef flats of lagoon and seaward reefs to depths of over 30 m. Juvenile occurs among rocks of inner reef flats and in tide pools (Ref.
205
). Benthopelagic (Ref.
58302
). Adult feeds mainly on nudibranchs, tubeworm tentacles, and other benthic invertebrates, also feeds on algae and coral polyps. Oviparous (Ref.
205
). Forms pairs during breeding (Ref.
205
).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity
|
Reproduction
|
Spawning
|
Eggs
|
Fecundity
|
Larvae
Distinct pairing (Ref.
205
). Monogamous mating is observed as both obligate and social (Ref.
52884
).
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 23.7 - 29, mean 27.7 °C (based on 1986 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02291 (0.01133 - 0.04632), b=3.00 (2.83 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 3.7 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Price category (Ref.
80766
):
Unknown
.
Nutrients (Ref.
124155
): Calcium = 76.6 [39.1, 126.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.726 [0.422, 1.206] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [17.5, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.143 [0.085, 0.239] g/100g; Selenium = 43.8 [23.6, 80.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 51.1 [14.7, 174.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.15 [0.78, 1.66] mg/100g (wet weight);
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- 20 July 2016
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