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Coelioxys funeraria Smith, 1854
Life   Insecta   Hymenoptera   Apoidea   Megachilidae   Coelioxys

Coelioxys funeraria fem lat BIG comp ps
© Copyright Laurence Packer 2014 · 7
Coelioxys funeraria fem lat BIG comp ps

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Coelioxys funeraria male lat comp ps
© Copyright Laurence Packer 2014 · 7
Coelioxys funeraria male lat comp ps
Overview
Reprinted with permission from: Mitchell, T.B. 1962 Bees of the Eastern United States. North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin No. 152.


FEMALE — Length 12-16 mm.; entirely black, including tegulae and legs; eyes very slightly convergent below; face broad, distance between eyes above nearly equal to median length; lateral ocelli considerably nearer to each other than to eyes, separated from margin of vertex by about their own diameter; cheeks considerably narrower than eyes, somewhat excavated below just before inferior angle, this area pubescent; clypeus slightly convex, not much produced apically, margin slightly outcurved, densely covered with rather short, ochraceous pubescence; mandibles angulate medially as seen from above, the median tooth small but distinct; median length of labrum somewhat greater than basal width; punctures rather coarse and deep, well separated on vertex between eyes and lateral ocelli, but close between and below ocelli; cheeks rather coarsely rugose; face below antennae rugose, clypeus very finely so, pubescence of head and thorax entirely pale, more or less yellowish and quite copious around antennae, on sides of face below, short and rather copious on cheeks below and on thorax laterally and posteriorly; transverse carinae of tubercles very low and inconspicuous, barely evident; scutellum rather evenly outcurved posteriorly, posterior face quite abrupt; axillae very short, posterior angle barely evident (fig. 64); scutum shining, deeply and distinctly punctate, punctures well separated over the broad, median area, but becoming quite close and somewhat finer between notaulices and tegulae; scutellum more finely punctate, punctures contiguous; axillae shining and more sparsely punctate; pleura somewhat shining between rather close, shallow but uniform punctures, these becoming very close just below tegulae; propodeum dull but rather smooth, punctures exceedingly minute but quite close, dorsal area of posterior face more velvety below, becoming very obscurely sub- striate along upper margin; wings subhyaline, becoming somewhat clouded along apical margin and in marginal cell, recurrent veins reaching 2nd submarginal cell subequally distant from base and apex; coxal spines represented by very low, subcarinate tubercles; transverse grooves of median abdominal terga very shallow, barely evident, entirely obliterated medially, terga shining and sparsely punctate medially, but somewhat more finely and closely punctate across basal third of each one, the apical third very sparsely punctate, apical margins narrowly but quite deeply depressed at each extreme side, becoming quite flat medially, the depressed margins densely white fasciate at extreme sides, these becoming very narrow and indefinite medially; basal tergum with a dense patch of white pubescence at each extreme side; tergum 6 subtriangular in outline, slightly ineurved toward the narrowly rounded tip, with a very faint and indefinite, median ridge extending from near the base nearly to the tip, surface shining, finely and quite closely punctate, but the punctures obsolescent toward the narrowed tip (fig. 65); sternum 6 narrow and elongate, much longer than the tergum, obscurely notched on each side near the tip, width at the notches slightly less than distance to the apex; sterna 1-4 shining, punctures well separated medially, becoming very close laterally, rather deep and distinct, apical margins very narrowly and slightly depressed, more or less hyaline and with narrow, white fasciae; sternum 5 triangularly produced apically, punctures fine but fairly distinct toward base and at extreme sides, but disappearing toward the apex medially, apical margin quite conspicuously fasciate.


MALE—Length 9-12 mm.; entirely black, including tegulae and legs; eyes convergent below; lateral ocelli subequally distant from each other and margin of vertex, much more distant from eyes; cheeks nearly equal to eyes in width, subcarinate posteriorly, with a shining, shallow, excavated area below, densely pubescent between this and the hypostome; clypeus very slightly convex, apical margin nearly straight, densely pubescent, obscuring the surface; median tooth of mandibles conspicuous; median length of labrum about equal to basal width; punctures deep and rather coarse, close over most of vertex, cheeks becoming more rugose, and face below ocelli dull and densely, coarsely rugose above antennae, becoming very finely so below; pubescence entirely pale on head and thorax, more or less yellowish on front of face, copious and more whitish on cheeks below and on thorax laterally and posteriorly, rather thin on dorsum, dense and white on sternum; transverse carina of tubercles barely evident, very low and inconspicuous; scutellum slightly out- curved, posterior margin not abrupt; axillae very short, broadly triangular, apex barely produced beyond margin of scutellum; coxal spines well developed, more or less spatulate, with rounded apex, quite densely pubescent, especially posteriorly; wings subhyaline, becoming faintly clouded apically, recurrent veins reaching 2nd submarginal cell subequally distant from base and apex; transverse grooves of abdominal terga 2 and 3 quite deep and distinct laterally, obliterated medially, punctures in the grooves close and rather fine but distinct, apical margin of the groove on tergum 2 with a deep, somewhat elongate fovea on each side, apical margin of this fovea narrowly impunctate, median punctures of all terga quite sparse, surface shining, punctures becoming closer toward sides, densely crowded between foveae and apical margin on 2, margins of all quite abruptly depressed toward sides but less so toward median line, brownish-hyaline, densely white fasciate laterally, but rather widely interrupted medially; dorsal, apical projections of tergum 6 spine- like, rather elongate but narrowly rounded apically, surface quite deeply excavated between these, ventral spines narrow and elongate, about parallel, lateral spines quite slender and elongate (fig. 66); abdominal sterna 1-4 somewhat shining, rather finely punctate, punctures well separated medially, becoming closer toward sides, apical margins narrowly brownish-hyaline and narrowly pale fasciate,apical margin of 4 not emarginate medially; sternum 5 largely retracted, apical margin barely evident, broadly outcurved, the median area straight; sterna 6 and 8 entirely retracted, 8 slightly narrowed apically, with narrowly truncate apex; penis valves fully equalling gonocoxites in length, the gonocoxites copiously long pubescent.

DISTRIBUTION—Yukon Territory and British Columbia to Nova Scotia, South to Illinois and Pennsylvania, with one record in Georgia; May to September.
HOSTS — Megachile inermis Prov., M. relativa Cress., and M. frigida Sm.






Reprinted with permission from: Baker J. R. 1975. Taxonomy of five nearctic subgenera of Coelioxys (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). The University of Kansas Science Bulletin 50(12):649-730.


FEMALE. (1) Length 12-16 mm; (2) integument finely rugulose between punctures, dull on propodeum; black to very dark brown; (3) pubescence white to light golden brown, golden on tarsi; (4) ocular hairs of medium length (about 0.05 mm); (5) clypeus visible medially, slightly convex, closely punctured with small (about 0.018 mm) punctures; margin gently out- curved, with 5 small denticulations (Fig. 22A); (6) clypeoantennal distance less than lateral margin of clypeus; (7) paraocular area visible between 0.35 mm long setae, closely punctured; (8) rest of face closely punctured up to ocellar area except for longitudinal median area indented by a longitudinal median line; (9) interantennal distance greater than clypeoantennal distance which is greater than antennocular distance; (10) ocellar area sloping, coarsely punctured; (11) interocellar distance greater than ocelloccipital distance, less than ocellocular distance: (12) vertex with punctures slightly larger and slightly more crowded than shown in Figure 10; (13) gena subequal in width to c)e, tapering dorsally and ventrally; (14) hypostomal area of gena with setae slightly longer than on gena; (15) mandible with a distinct hump on inner surface (Fig. 22A); (16) scutum with inconspicuous, slender setae; median line extending slightly more than half the distance from anterior margin; disc less closely punctured than periphery; (17) lateral surface of mesepisternum punctured like scutum in Figure 10, but with a few minute punctures among punctures; (18) scutellum with posterior margin of dorsal surface broadly rounded in dorsal view (Fig. 23A); (19) axilla reduced in length (Fig. 23A); (20) metanotum with inconspicuous. long, slender setae; (21) front coxal spine a thickened carina blending with medioanterior surface of coxa; (22) terga 1-5 with graduli incomplete medially, with apical fasciae wider laterally; graduli bare; tergum 6 elongate with raised, impunctate median line (Fig. 24A); (23) sterna 1-5 fasciate apically; 1-4 more closely punctured laterally; sternum 5 very closely and minutely punctured apically; sternum 6 minutely and closely punctured with elongate punctures, elongate, notched subapically (Fig. 24A).


MALE. (24) Length 9-12 mm; (25) integument as in female (2 above); (26) pubescence as in female (3 above); (27) ocular hairs of medium length (about 0.08 mm); (28) clypeus and clypeal margin hidden by setae 0.5 mm long, conformation as in female (5 above); (29) clypeoantennal distance shorter than lateral margin of clypeus; (30) paraocular area almost hidden by setae about 0.45 mm long, closely punctured; (31) rest of face visible through setae 0.5 mm long, punctures contiguous to ocellar area; (32) clypeoantennal distance less than interantennal distance and greater than antennocular distance; (33) ocellar area contiguously punctured; (34) ocelloccipital distance less than ocellocular distance and subequal to or greater than interocellar distance; (35) vertex coarsely hut contiguously punctured; (36) gena slightly narrower than eye (Fig. 4); (37) hypostomal area bare, separated from gena by carina (Fig. 4) (38) mandible as in female (15 above); (39) scutum as in female (16 above); (40) mesepisternum contiguously punctured; (41) scutellum as in female (18 above); (43) axilla slightly more produced than shown in Figure 23A; (43) metanotum as in female (20 above): (44) front coxal spine robust, about twice as long as broad; (45) terga 1-6 fasciate lateroapically; graduli incomplete medially, mostly bare; tergum 2 with conspicuous foveae (Fig. 25B); tergum 6 with conspicuous dorsal, ventral, and lateral spines (Fig. 25A); tergum 7 rounded apically (Fig. 19A); (46) sterna 1-4 fasciate apically, evenly punctured; (47) sternum 4 submarginally carinate, weakly bidentate apically (Fig. 19B); sternum 5 incurved apically (Fig. 19B); sternum 6 with abundant, long setae (Fig. 19C), sternum 7 represented by 2 small sclerites (Fig. 19D); sternum 8 broadly rounded apically (Fig, 19E); (47) genital armature with long, copious setae on gonocoxites (Fig. 19F).
HOST RECORDS. Coelioxys funeraria has been reported from more hosts than any other North American Coelioxys. Graenicher (1927) reported C. funeraria to be a parasite of Megachile latimanus. Medler (1958) reported C. funeraria from the nest of M. inermis, and Medler and Koerber (1958) reported C. funeraria from the nest of M. relativa. Mitchell (1962) listed M. frigida as a host of C. funeraria, and Hobbs (1968) found a fifth host species. M. rotundata.
DISTRIBUTION AND SEASON OF FLIGHT. The distribution of Coelioxys funeraria extends from above the arctic circle to southern New Mexico (Fig. 20). Such a broad distribution, however, is no more remarkable than the distribution of one of the host bees, Megachile frigida, which ranges from Alaska to Arizona. Season of flight lasts at least from May 26 (Ottawa, Ontario) to September 18 (Banf, Alberta) with most specimens taken from mid-June through August.
HABITAT. In the northern portion of its range, Coelioxys funeraria is associated with areas designated as various coniferous forests, tundra-coniferous forest, northeastern oak-pine forests, northern floodplain forests, Appalachian oak forest, northern grassland, oak savana, and fescue-wheatgrass vegetation types. Further south C. funeraria is associated only with vegetation types which occur at higher elevations such as alpine meadow barrens in Colorado and southwestern spruce-fir forest in New Mexico. In California (Gilroy), C. funeraria was taken near an area classified as the ecotone between California oakwoods and fescue-oatgrass vegetation types.
GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION. Although there is considerable variation in size in Coelioxys funeraria, larger and smaller specimens occur throughout the range. One explanation for such variation may be that its size is an expression of host size. The large bees may utilize the nests of Megachile inermis (15-22 mm). Medium sized C. funeraria may utilize the nests of M. frigida (12-15 mm) and M. latimanus (13-14 mm), and the small C. funeraria may utilize the nests of M. relativa (9-12 mm) and M. rotundata (8 9 mm). The distributions of the host bees overlap over thousands of square miles, and perhaps this overlap accounts for the considerable variation within and between Populations of C. funeraria from any one area.
COMPARATIVE COMMENTS. Coelioxys funeraria is most easily confused with the usually smaller C. moesta, but it is distinguished from C. moesta males by the foveae of the second metasomal tergum which are large and almost open along the anterior margin in C. funeraria (Fig. 25B) and small and enclosed in C. moesta (Fig. 23E). The female of C. fr4neraria possesses a convex clypeus with a slightly outcurved margin (Fig. 22A) whereas the female of C. moesta possesses a flat clypeus with a triangularly produced margin (as in Fig. 22D).

Names
Scientific source:

Supported by

Hosts · map
FamilyScientific name @ source (records)
Apiaceae  Lomatium grayi @ BBSL (1)
Asteraceae  Solidago sp @ BBSL (1)
Fabaceae  Melilotus officinalis @ AMNH_BEE (1)
Rosaceae  Rubus strigosus @ AMNH_BEE (1)
_  Withheld @ BBSL (3)

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