9.
Cardamine concatenata
(Michaux) O. Schwarz, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 46: 188. 1939.
Dentaria concatenata
Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 30. 1803;
Cardamine laciniata
(Muhlenberg ex Willdenow) Alph. Wood var.
integra
O. E. Schulz;
C. laciniata
var.
lasiocarpa
O. E. Schulz;
D. laciniata
Muhlenberg ex Willdenow;
D. laciniata
var.
alterna
Farwell;
D. laciniata
var.
coalescens
Fernald;
D. laciniata
var.
integra
(O. E. Schulz) Fernald;
D. laciniata
var.
latifolia
Farwell;
D. laciniata
var.
opposita
Farwell
Perennials;
usually sparsely pubescent, sometimes glabrous.
Rhizomes
(tuberiform, fragile), moniliform, segments fusiform, 2-10(-20) mm diam. (fleshy).
Stems
erect, unbranched, (1-)2-4(-5.5) dm, glabrous or pubescent distally.
Rhizomal leaves
3-foliolate, (7-) 10-20(-30) cm, leaflets sessile; petiole (4-)7-18(-25) cm; lateral leaflets similar to terminal, blade sometimes smaller; terminal leaflet blade oblong, lanceolate, oblanceolate, or linear, 2.5-6 cm, base cuneate, margins coarsely dentate to incised, laciniate, or 3-lobed (lobes usually toothed to incised, rarely entire, surfaces puberulent or not, trichomes 0.2-0.3 mm).
Cauline leaves
(2 or) 3, 3-foliolate (usually whorled or opposite, rarely alternate, similar in morphology to rhizomal leaves), petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole (1-)1.5-6(-7.5) cm, base not auriculate; lateral leaflets sessile, blade similar to terminal, sometimes smaller; terminal leaflet subsessile or petiolulate (to 3 cm), blade lanceolate, linear, or oblanceolate, (3-)4-10(-12) cm × (3-)5-20 (-25) mm, margins usually coarsely dentate to incised, rarely subentire (margins minutely puberulent).
Racemes
ebracteate.
Fruiting pedicels
ascending to divaricate, (6-) 10-27(-33) mm.
Flowers:
sepals oblong, (4-)5-8 × 2-4 mm, lateral pair slightly saccate basally; petals white to pale pink, oblanceolate, (8-)10-20 × (3-)4-7(-9) mm, (short-clawed, apex rounded); filaments: median pairs 8-12 mm, lateral pair 6-8 mm; anthers oblong-linear, 1.5-2.5 mm.
Fruits
linear-lanceolate, (2-)2.5-3.8(-4.8) cm × 1.5-3 mm; (valves glabrous or sparsely pubescent); ovules 10-14 per ovary; style (2-)5-9(-12) mm.
Seeds
brown, oblong, 1.6-3 × 1.8-2 mm.
2
n
= 128-256.
Flowering Feb-May. Wooded bottoms and bluffs, rich woods, limestone cliffs and outcrops, rocky banks, mesic forests, moist areas with leaf litter, floodplain woods; 0-1000 m; Ont., Que.; Ala., Ark., Conn., Del., D.C., Fla., Ga., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., La., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., Nebr., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Okla., Pa., S.C., Tenn., Tex., Vt., Va., W.Va., Wis.
