Thomas Onuferko · 9
Epeolus ilicis, Axillae mesoscutellum female E. vernalis holotype |
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Thomas Onuferko · 9
Epeolus ilicis, Dorsal view female holotype |
Thomas Onuferko · 9
Epeolus ilicis, female mesopleuron |
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Thomas Onuferko · 9
Epeolus ilicis, Lateral view female |
Thomas Onuferko · 9
Epeolus ilicis, Lateral view male paratype |
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Thomas Onuferko · 9
Epeolus ilicis, Mandibles female E. vernalis holotype |
Thomas Onuferko · 9
Epeolus ilicis, Metasomal sterna lateral view male |
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Thomas Onuferko · 9
Epeolus ilicis, Pseudopygidial area female |
© Copyright Laurence Packer 2014
· 7
Epeolus ilicis FEM CFP |
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© Copyright Laurence Packer 2014
· 7
Epeolus ilicis MALE CFP |
Michael Veit · 6
Epeolus ilicis, at C. banksi nes -- |
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Michael Veit · 6
Epeolus ilicis, at C. banksi nes -- |
Michael Veit · 6
Epeolus ilicis, at C. banksi nes -- |
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Michael Veit · 6
Epeolus ilicis, at C. banksi nes -- |
Michael Veit · 6
Epeolus ilicis, f at C. banksi -- |
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Overview | |
Extracted with permission from: Onuferko, T.M. 2017. Cleptoparasitic Bees of the Genus Epeolus Latreille (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Canada. Canadian Journal of Arthropod Identification No. 30: March 30, 2017. doi:10.3752/cjai.2017.30
http://cjai.biologicalsurvey.ca/o_30/o_30.html
Diagnosis. Among Canadian species, E. ilicis most closely
resembles E. lectoides in general appearance, and especially
similar are the shapes of the axilla and pseudopygidial area.
Both species exhibit the following similarities: F2 of female
antenna noticeably longer than wide; axilla distinctly hooked
and well short of posterior margin of mesoscutellum; TI with
discal patch very wide; metasomal terga with punctures sparser
(i=1�2d); and T5 with pseudopygidial area distinctly
campanulate, with apex clearly less than twice as wide as
medial length. In contrast to E. lectoides, the axilla in E. ilicis is
more strongly angled to the side than apically, and the
mesopleuron in E. ilicis is densely punctate, with most
interspaces equally narrow above and below.
Distribution in Canada: I have not been able to verify the
occurrence of E. ilicis in Canada, and its record in the country
(Map 7) is questionable. Romankova (2004) reported this
species as a new record for Canada based on three male
specimens collected in southern Ontario. I have checked the
holdings at DEBU, where all three are supposed to be housed,
but they are missing. There are no specimens from Canada at
the CNC, PCYU, ROM, and RSKM. As E. ilicis ranges into New
York and New England, its occurrence in eastern Canada is
entirely plausible. For this reason, I have not excluded E. ilicis
from the present key, and treat it as a possible Canadian
species.
Reprinted with permission from: Mitchell, T.B. 1962 Bees of the Eastern United States. North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin No. 152.
FEMALE�Length 8-9 mm.; black, basal segments of antennae, legs, tegulae and tuber- des testaceous; segments of flagellum beyond the first more brownish, mandibles reddish-testaceous, axillae ferruginous, and spurs yellowish-ferruginous; lateral ocelli separated from margin of vertex by a space about equal to their diameter; cheeks about half width of eyes, posterior margin sub-carinate; median length of labrum slightly more than half the basal width, with an obscure, subapical pair of denticles; inner margin of mandibles entire, neither dentate nor angulate; posterior margin of scutellum nearly straight, with a very narrow and obscure median impression (fig. 110); axillae rather small, widely divergent from sides of scutellum, tips barely reaching a line drawn through basal third of scutellum; wings with the usual three submarginal cells, subhyaline basally, becoming faintly clouded apically, veins pale testaceous to brownish; face with some dense, pale tomentum around bases of antennae and along sides of face, the clypeus, vertex and upper part of face largely exposed, cheeks rather thinly tomentose; venter of thorax rather thinly white tomentose, pleura below nearly bare, becoming rather densely tomentose over upper half, margin of pronotum narrowly pale yellowish tomentose, the fringe continuous around tubercles; scutum. with a pair of narrow, longitudinal lines of yellowish tomentum on each side of midline anteriorly and a narrow fringe of the same color at each extreme side and across the scutello-mesothoracic suture; metanotum densely white tomentose beneath the somewhat overhanging scutellum and reaching the extreme lateral margins of posterior face of propodeum; basal abdominal tergum with a triangular, tomentose area on each side toward the anterior face, which is continuous with a transverse, apical, whitish fascia which is slightly interrupted medially, the resulting black patch very broad, strongly narrowed toward each extreme side; terga 2-4 with apical tomentose fasciae, that on 2 slightly interrupted medially, and 5 with a limited area of pale tomentum on each side of pseudopygidium; punctures of vertex, cheeks and upper part of face quite deep and distinct, rather close except for the area just below ocelli, becoming very fine and densely crowded below antennae and over clypeus; pleura below rather coarsely rugoso-punctate, with some shining but narrow intervening spaces evident, upper part very densely and rather finely rugose; scutum rather finely rugose throughout, somewhat more coarsely so toward anterior margin, scutellum somewhat more coarsely and densely rugose, axillae very finely so; punctures of discs of abdominal terga very fine, evenly distributed, rather close but not crowded on the more basal terga, becoming progressively finer and closer to tergum 5; median length of pseudopygidium much greater than half the apical width.
MALE�This sex agrees in general with description of female, but antennae darker, quite black at base, and axillae black, with femora and coxae of hind legs dark; scutum somewhat more distinctly but still very closely punctate; pygidial plate as broad as the median length, rather narrowly rounded apically, margin carinate, surface rather smooth, with only very obscure, minute punctures and sub- erect, short pubescence.
TYPES�Holotype: Female, Holly Shelter, Pender Co., N. C., May 30, 1950 (T.B. Mitchell, on Ilex glabra). Allotype: topotypical [both author�s coll.]. Paratypes: NORTH CAROLINA: 2 ♀♀, topotypical; 3 ♀♀, Holly Shelter, June 8, 1950 (1 ♀ on Amorpha); 1 ♂ Whiteside Mt., Macon Co., June 11, 1937; 1 ♀, Southern Pines, May 12, 1950; 1 ♀, Wayne Co., May 23, 1950 (on Batodendron); 1 ♀, Wake Co., June 16, 1955 (on Rhus glabra); 1 ♀, Carolina Beach, New Hanover Co., May 19, 1934 (all Mitchell) ; 1 ♀, Candler, July 15, 1938 (D. L. Wray). GEORGIA: 2 ♀♀, Indian Grave Gap, July 11, 1951 (P. W. Fattig); 1 ♀, 2 ♂♂, Fort Gordan, May 8, 1958 and Apr. 25, 1959 (R. R. Snelling). TENNESSEE 1 ♀, Pine Heath, Gatlinburg, GSMNP, 3500 ft., July 8, 1947 (R. H. Whittaker, sweeping). SOUTH CAROLINA 1 ♀, Dewees Is., May 29 (J. Bequaert); 3 ♂♂, McClellanville, May 10, 12 & 19 (H. & G. Townes). RHODE ISLAND: 1 ♂, Kingston, June 29, 1921. MASSACHUSETTS 1 ♀, Sagamore (J. Bequaert). NEW YORK: 1 ♀, Orient, L. I., June 1, 1952 (Roy Latham).
Paratypes are in collections of the U. S. National Museum, the Museum of Comparative Zoology, R. R. Snelling, the North Carolina Department of Agriculture, the University of Rhode Island and the author.
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Identification | |
E. ilicis most closely resembles E. lectoides, as it agrees in the large, campanualte pseudopygid
ium, the form of the axillae and scutellum, and pubescent markings. It can be separated from that
species by the abscence or reduction of subapical rows of hairs on male sternites IV and V, and
by differences in the puncturation of the scutum and mesopleuron.
Extracted from: Brumley R.L., (1965). A Revision of the Bee Genus Epeolus Latreille of Western America North of Mexico. All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 2682
Female. Length 6 to 9 mm; forewing length 5 to 6,5 mm; labrum mahogany; antennae black often with reddish orange markings on scape, flagellomere I; pronotal lobes reddish
orange, somewhat darker anteriorly; tegulae reddish orange; thorax entirely black; legs varying from reddish orange to mahogany, except tarsi always reddish orange; metasomal tergites black, apices clear; pygidium mahogany, margins darkened; clypeus was thinned, silvery, appressed pubescence, longer, denser around antennal fossae; vertex with scattered, erect, silvery pubescence; pronotum, posterior margin of scutum, posterior face of scutellum with short, semi-erect, squamiform, silvery hairs; scutum with sparse, coppery pubescence, except two antero-median, longitudinal, widely spaced bands of silvery hairs; metanotum with appressed, silvery pubescence; upper one half of mesopleuron with appressed, silvery pubescence, more dense medially, lower one half nearly nude; metasomal tergite 1 with appressed, silvery pubescence, except black antero-laterally, antero-medially, postero-medially, large transverse band on disc; tergites 11, Ill, IV with narrow, apical, silvery,fasciae,broadened laterally, often interrupted medially; tergite V with two broad, apical silveryy fasciae lateral to pseudopygidium, sternite V with a short, golden or coppery apical fimbria; pseudoygidium campanulate more than one third as long as tergite, about as broad as long; clypeus densely punctured, faintly wrinkled; punctures of frons, vertex larger, widely separated medially, smaller, denser laterally ; mesopleuron with irregular punctures , separated by less
than one puncture diameter, interspaces somewhat shining, reticulate; scutal punctures more regular, not as coarse as mesopleuron; scutellum deeply, coarsely rugosa-punctate ; propodeal enclosure finely regose dorsally, medially, minutely roughened laterally;
forewings with three submarginal cells , yellowish basally, some-what darker apically, veins ferruginous to mahogany; flagellomere II slightly more than two-thirds as broad as long; axillae prominent, tips distinctly free from sides of scutellum; scutellum with a deep , median emargination.
Male. Length 6 to 8 mm; forewing l ength 5 to 7 mm; Agrees well with description of female but flagellomere II nearly as broad as long; pygidium mahogany, narrowly to broadly rounded apically, apical flange clear testaceous, apex nearly impunctate; sternites IV, V with only sparse, short, golden or silvery hairs subapically, occasionally absent.
Extracted from: Onuferko TM (2018). A revision of the cleptoparasitic bee genus Epeolus Latreille for Nearctic species, north of Mexico (Hymenoptera, Apidae). ZooKeys 755: 1–185. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.755.23939
Diagnosis. The following morphological features in combination (excluding any that
are specific to the opposite sex of the one being diagnosed) can be used to tell E. ilicis apart from all other North American Epeolus except E. erigeronis and E. inornatus: the
mandible is simple; the axilla does not attain the midlength of the mesoscutellum but
the free portion is distinctly hooked, with the tip unattached to the mesoscutellum
for more than 1/3 of the entire medial length of the axilla; the pronotal collar and
metasomal terga are black; the metasomal terga have rather fine punctures; and the
pseudopygidial area of the female is distinctly campanulate with the apex <2 × the
medial length and not in contact with two large patches of pale tomentum (one on
each side) throughout its length (in contact only at apex, diverging basally). Epeolus
ilicis is most similar to E. inornatus, and in both species the mesopleuron has punctures
that are similar in size and shiny interspaces that are commonly equal to the puncture
diameters. By contrast, in E. erigeronis the punctures are more variable in size, with
many smaller punctures among large ones, and most interspaces are narrower such
that the surface appears to be very coarsely and densely rugose-punctate. Whereas in
E. inornatus the legs (and sometimes the pronotal lobe and tegula) are usually darker,
at least from the metacoxa to metatibia, the dorsum of the mesosoma and metasoma
have gray short appressed setae, and S4 and S5 of the male have short straight subapical
hairs, in E. ilicis the pronotal lobe and legs are more extensively reddish orange than
brown or black (at least the anterior surface of the metatibia and metatarsus are the same reddish orange color), the dorsum of the mesosoma and metasoma have gray but
also usually some pale yellow short appressed setae, and S4 and S5 of the male have
long curved coppery to silvery subapical hairs. Epeolus ilicis is also similar to E. gibbsi,
but in E. gibbsi the mandible has a blunt, obtuse preapical tooth; in females F2 is less
than 1.2 × as long as wide (it is more than 1.2 × as long as wide in female E. ilicis);
and the pseudopygidial area of the female is in contact with two large patches of pale
tomentum (one on each side [the two are parallel to each other]) throughout its length.
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Updated: 2024-04-29 14:39:12 gmt
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