Kinds | - Himantura alcockii, Pale-spot Whip Ray
- Himantura astra, Blackspotted Whipray
- Himantura bleekeri, Bleekers Whipray
- Himantura chaophraya, Freshwater Whipray
- Himantura dalyensis, Freshwater Whipray
- Himantura draco, Dragon Stingray
- Himantura fai, Pink Whipray
- Himantura fluviatilis, Ganges Stingray
- Himantura gerrardi, Sharpnose Stingray
- Himantura granulata, Mangrove Whipray
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español |
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Overview |
Main identification features
- disc oval, covered with denticles
- tail: long, low ventral keel, 2 spines
HIMANTURA
WHIP RAYS
Head continuous with disc; disc a rounded rhomboid, wider than long; snout length less than or equal to distance between spiracles; disc more or less covered with small flattened denticles but without large thorns; long slender tail with 1-2 venomous spines, without dorsal fin fold, not depressed at base.
This circumtropical genus, with 24 species, occurs in all tropical oceans except for eastern Atlantic. The only species in the tropical eastern Pacific is endemic to that region.
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References |
- Beebe , W. and Tee-Van, J., 1941., Eastern Pacific expeditions of the New York Zoological Society. XXVIII. Fishes from the tropical eastern Pacific. (From Cedros Island, Lower California, South to the Galápagos Islands and northern Peru.) Part 3. Rays, mantas and chimaeras., Zoologica, 26(3):245-280.
- Béarez, P., 1996., Lista de los Peces Marinos del Ecuador Continental., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 44:731-741.
- Castri-Aguirre, J.L., Espinoza-Pérez, H. and Schmitter-Soto, J.J., 2002., Lista sitemática, biogeográfica y ecológica de la ictiofauna estuarino lagunar y vicaria de México. En: Lozano-Vilano, M. L. (Ed.). Libro Jubilar en Honor al Dr. Salvador Contreras Balderas., Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León:117-142.
- Castro-Aguirre, J.L., 1999., Ictiofauna estuarino-lagunar y vicaria de México., Editorial Limusa S.A. de C.V.: 1-629pp.
- Compagno, L.J.V., 1999., Checklist of living elasmobranchs. In Hamlett W.C. (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes., The John Hopkins University Press:471-498.
- Fischer , W. , Krup , F. , Schneider , W. , Sommer , C. , Carpenter , K. E. and Niem, V. H., 1995., Guia FAO para la Identificacion de Especies de para los fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. Volumen II. Vertebrados - Parte 1., FAO2:647-1200.
- Lopez , M. I. and Bussing, W. A., 1982., Lista provisional de los peces marinos de la Costa Rica., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 30(1):5-26.
- Lovejoy , N. R. , Bermingham , E. and Martin, A. P., 1998., Marine incursion into South America., Nature, 396:421-422.
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Acknowledgements |
I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.
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Updated: 2024-03-28 20:33:54 gmt
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