1.
Lachnanthes caroliniana
(Lamarck) Dandy, J. Bot. 70: 329. 1932.
Dilatris caroliniana Lamarck in J. Lamarck and J. Poiret, Tabl. Encycl. 1: 127. 1791 (as caroliana); Heritiera tinctorum J. F. Gmelin; Lachnanthes tinctoria (J. F. Gmelin) Elliott
Stems 3—10.5 dm, distally whitish villous-tomentose when young, becoming tawny-hoary. Leaves: basal leaves 15—45 × 0.5—2.1 cm proximally, shorter distally; cauline leaves shorter than basal, decreasing in size distally, becoming bracts in inflorescence. Inflorescences initially rounded, becoming open and corymbose after anthesis, each branch resembling a helicoid cyme. Flowers: tepals erect-spreading at anthesis, pale yellow, 7—9 × 1—1.5 mm, densely pubescent abaxially, persisting and incurving to form beak around fruit; stamens spreading at anthesis; filaments 8—10 mm; anthers yellow; style persistent, slightly exceeding anthers, 10—13 mm. Capsules globose or oblate, 3—5 mm diam. Seeds reddish brown, 2.5—3 mm diam., faintly wrinkled. 2n = 48.
Flowering mid--late summer. Wet, acid, often sandy soil of bogs, swamps, ditches, low areas in savannas and pinelands, margins of hammocks and pocosins; 0--600 m; N.S.; Ala., Conn., Del., Fla., Ga., La., Md., Mass., Miss., N.J., N.Y., N.C., R.I., S.C., Tenn., Va.; West Indies (Cuba).
Lachnanthes caroliniana is sometimes a serious weed in commercial cranberry bogs.
