20.
Luzula echinata
(Small) Hermann, Rhodora. 40: 84. 1938.
Rhizomes to 1.5 cm or shorter, knotty. Culms loosely cespitose, 15--45 cm, base sometimes swollen. Leaves: basal leaves 4--15 cm x 2--7 mm, margins pilose to sparsely hairy, apex not callous. Inflorescences: glomerules 4--15, central glomerules sessile or nearly sessile, broadly conic or globose (often loosely flowered); peduncles straight, divergent by as much as 90°, to 9 cm; proximal inflorescence bract leaflike, not longer than inflorescence; bracts and bracteoles clear, variously cut. Flowers: tepals greenish to pale or dark brown, usually with clear margins and apex, 2.8--4 mm; anthers ca. 2--5 times filament length; stigmas 2--3 times length of styles. Capsules pale to dark brown, obovoid to subglobose, usually shorter than tepals. Seeds dark brown, globose, 1.2--1.6 mm; caruncle 0.5--0.6 mm. 2n = 12.
Flowering and fruiting spring--early summer. Bluffs, wooded slopes, alluvial woods, streamsides, under hardwoods and occasionally in clearings; 50--800 m; Ala., Ark., Conn., Del., D.C., Fla., Ga., Ill., Ind., Iowa., Ky., La., Md., Mass., Miss., Mo., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Okla., Pa., S.C., Tenn., Tex., Va., W.Va.
Luzula echinata has knotty rhizomes to 1.5 cm; the bases of the culms are sometimes swollen. Flowers are characterized by stigmas that exceed styles by 2--3 times.
