www.fao.org Copyright Michel Lamboeuf · 0 Mobula thurstoni Click on images or map to enlarge and for details. 80x5 - 240x3 - 240x4 - 320x1 - 320x2 - 320x3 - 640x1 - 640x2 Set display option above. Click on images to enlarge. © Copyright John Rangall, 2006 · 0 Mobula thurstoni © Copyright Photographer/SFTEP, 2002 · 0 Mobula thurstoni

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Overview

Main identification features head narrow disc front - double curve; dorsal fin - white tip tail medium, no spine, base flattened mouth ventral ventral: white, green patch rear edge 1.8 m Head projecting relatively short, with pair of horn-like extensions; large triangular "wings" (pectoral fin flaps) with a double bend to front margin; front edge of margin of pectoral fin curves up and over spiracle; tail moderately long (about 60% of disc width in adults), without spine; with its base flattened; mouth on underside of head; teeth in bands in both jaws, forming low, pavement-like mosaic. Dark blue to black on upper surface; dorsal fin with white tip; underside mainly white, becoming silvery towards pectoral fin tips, a dark greenish patch usually evident on each side near posterior edge of pectoral fin. Grows to at least 180 cm disc width and 54 Kg; size at birth 65-85 cm disc width. Often forms huge schools containing several hundred individuals. Habitat: pelagic in coastal waters. Depth: to 100 m. Probably tropical circumglobal, known for certain from the eastern and western Pacific, eastern Atlantic, and Indian Ocean; ranges from the central Gulf of California to Ecuador. Attributes Abundance: Common. Cites: Not listed. Climate Zone: Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap); Northern Tropical (Mexican Province to Nicaragua + Revillagigedos); Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo); South Temperate (Peruvian Province ). Depth Range Max: 100 m. Depth Range Min: 0 m. Diet: zooplankton; bony fishes; Pelagic crustacea; pelagic fish eggs. Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=30; Southern limit=-5; Western limit=-114; Eastern limit=-78; Latitudinal range=35; Longitudinal range=36. Egg Type: Live birth; No pelagic larva. Feeding Group: Planktivore. FishBase Habitat: Pelagic. Global Endemism: Circumtropical ( Indian + Pacific + Atlantic Oceans); East Pacific + Atlantic (East +/or West); East Pacific + East (not West) Atlantic; TEP non-endemic; West + East Pacific (but not Central); "Transpacific" (East + Central &/or West Pacific); All species. Habitat: Water column. Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Offshore; In & Offshore. IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed. Length Max: 180 cm. Regional Endemism: Continent; Eastern Pacific non-endemic; Continent only; Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) non-endemic; All species. Residency: Resident. Salinity: Marine; Marine Only. Water Column Position: Near Surface; Surface; Water column only;

Names

Scientific source:

Integrated Taxonomic Information System

Links to other sites

Fishbase Catalog of Fishes Integrated Taxonomic Information System

References

Acero , A. and Franke, R., 1995., Nuevos registros de peces cartilaginosos del Parque Nacional Natural Gorgona (Pacifico Colombiano), II. Rayas y Descripcion de una Nueva Especie., Bibl. J. J. Triana, 11:9-21. Beebe , W. and Tee-Van, J., 1938., Eastern Pacific expeditions of the New York Zoological Society, XV. Seven new marine fishes from Lower California., Zoologica, 23:299-312. Beebe , W. and Tee-Van, J., 1941., Eastern Pacific expeditions of the New York Zoological Society. XXVIII. Fishes from the tropical eastern Pacific. (From Cedros Island, Lower California, South to the Galápagos Islands and northern Peru.) Part 3. Rays, mantas and chimaeras., Zoologica, 26(3):245-280. Béarez, P., 1996., Lista de los Peces Marinos del Ecuador Continental., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 44:731-741. Compagno, L.J.V., 1999., Checklist of living elasmobranchs. In Hamlett W.C. (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes., The John Hopkins University Press:471-498. Eschmeyer , W. N. , Herald , E. S. and Hamman, H., 1983., A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America from the Gulf of Alaska to Baja California. Peterson Field Guide Ser. 28., Houghton Mifflin:336pp. Findley, L.T., Hendrickx, M.E., Brusca, R.C., van der Heiden, A.M., Hastings, P.A., Torre, J., 2003., Diversidad de la Macrofauna Marina del Golfo de California, Mexico., CD-ROM versión 1.0. Projecto de la Macrofauna del Golfo .  Derechos reservados de los autores y Conservación Internacional. Fischer , W. , Krup , F. , Schneider , W. , Sommer , C. , Carpenter , K. E. and Niem, V. H., 1995., Guia FAO para la Identificacion de Especies de para los fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. Volumen II. Vertebrados - Parte 1., FAO2:647-1200. Galván-Magaña, F., Abitia-Cárdenas, L.A., Rodríguez-Romero, J., Pérez-España, H., Chávez-Ramos, H., 1996., Systematics list of the fishes from Cerralvo island, Baja California Sur, Mexico., Ciencias Marinas, 22:295-311. Galván-Magaña, F., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, F., Abitia-Cárdenas, L.A., Rodríguez-Romero, J., 2000., The distribution and affinities of the shore fishes of the Baja California Sur lagoons. In Aquatic Ecosystems of Mexico: Status and Scope. Eds. M. Manuwar, S.G. Lawrence, I.F. Manuwar & D.F. Malley. Ecovision World Monograph Series., Backhuys Publishers:383-398. Jimenez-Prado, P., Béarez, P., 2004., Peces marinos del Ecuador continental / Marine fishes of continental Ecuador., SIMBIOE/NAZCA/IFEA tomo 1 y 2. Lloyd,., 1908., Report on the fish collected in Tibet by Capt. F. H. Stewart, I.M.S., Rec. Indian Mus. (Calcutta), 2:341-344. Lopez , M. I. and Bussing, W. A., 1982., Lista provisional de los peces marinos de la Costa Rica., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 30(1):5-26. Love, M.S., Mecklenburg, C.W., Mecklenburg, T.A., Thorsteinson, L.K., 2005., es of the West Coast and Alaska: a checklist of North Pacific and Artic Ocena species from Baja California to the Alaska-Yukon border., U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, 288pp. Notarbartolo di Sciara,., 1987., A revisionary study of the genus Mobula Rafinesque, 1810 (Chondrichthyes: Mobulidae) with the description of a new species., Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 91:1-91. Ramírez Rodríguez, M., 1997., Producción pesquera en la Bahía de La Paz, B.C.S.. En Urbán Ramírez, J. y M. Ramírez Rodríguez (Eds.). La Bahía de La Paz investigación y conservación., Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur:273-282. Sánchez Ortíz , C. , Arreola Robles , J. L. , Aburto Oropeza , O. and Cortés Hernández, M., 1997., Peces de arrecife en la región de La Paz, B.C.S.. En Urbán Ramírez, J. y M. Ramírez Rodríguez (Eds.). La Bahía de La Paz investigación y conservación., Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur:189-200. Van der Heiden , A. M. and Findley, L. T., 1988., Lista de los peces marinos del sur de Sinaloa, México., Anales del Centro de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia de la Universidad Autonoma Nacional de Mexico, 15:209-224.

Acknowledgements

Ross Robertson, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.

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