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Inhabits estuaries and on coastal and offshore reefs (Ref.
9563
); also on weed bottoms and on trawling grounds. Found on muddy or silty substrates (Ref.
48637
). Is an omnivore which feeds mainly on seagrass, algae, gammarid amphipods and caridean shrimps as well as on bryozoans, hydroids, ascidians, copepods, caprellid amphipods and tanaidaceans (Ref.
13426
).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity
|
Reproduction
|
Spawning
|
Eggs
|
Fecundity
|
Larvae
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 21.2 - 29, mean 28 °C (based on 898 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02399 (0.01514 - 0.03801), b=2.83 (2.70 - 2.96), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for species & Subfamily-BS (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 2.4 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Low to moderate vulnerability (28 of 100).
Price category (Ref.
80766
):
Unknown
.
Nutrients (Ref.
124155
): Calcium = 38.6 [15.3, 88.3] mg/100g ; Iron = 0.612 [0.292, 1.451] mg/100g ; Protein = 17.9 [15.6, 20.1] % ; Omega3 = 0.0911 [, ] g/100g ; Selenium = 38.4 [18.0, 89.0] μg/100g ; VitaminA = 46.4 [11.5, 176.0] μg/100g ; Zinc = 1.28 [0.84, 2.04] mg/100g (wet weight);
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mrius-barile
