Main identification features
- dark + white spots/ocelli
- c: white spots
Elongate, oval to rounded disc that is about as wide as long; electric organ beside eye, originating just before front of eye; pectorals slightly overlapping front of pelvic fins; tail shorter than disc; spiracles without papillae on rims; 1 pair of nasal openings; second dorsal fin usually slightly larger than first; lateral folds on tail originate under first dorsal fin; tail fin angular, relatively tall, rear edge ~straight.
Upper surface red-brown with numerous small creamy white round to oval spots and/or pale-centered ocelli that are not fused into irregular blotches, most of these spots may be lost in large specimens; dorsal and tail fins with white spots; lower surface cream, with a light brown edge in larger specimens.
Size: 36 cm.
Habitat: found on soft bottoms.
Depth: 5-33 m.
Known only from southern Colombia.
Attributes
Abundance: Common.
Cites: Not listed.
Climate Zone: Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo).
Depth Range Max: 33 m.
Depth Range Min: 5 m.
Diet: bony fishes; mobile benthic worms.
Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=5; Southern limit=2; Western limit=-79; Eastern limit=-78; Latitudinal range=3; Longitudinal range=1.
Egg Type: Live birth; No pelagic larva; No pelagic phase.
Feeding Group: Carnivore.
FishBase Habitat: Demersal.
Global Endemism: Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) endemic; East Pacific endemic; All species.
Habitat: Mud; Soft bottom (mud, sand,gravel, beach, estuary & mangrove); Soft bottom only; Sand & gravel.
Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Inshore Only.
IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed.
Length Max: 36 cm.
Regional Endemism: Continent only; Continent; TEP endemic; Continental TEP endemic; Panamic province endemic; All species.
Residency: Resident.
Salinity: Marine; Marine Only.
Water Column Position: Bottom; Bottom only;
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