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Overview |
Main identification features
- no horn
- dark brown; yellow stripe eye to mouth
- tail base : 2 keels in orange blotches
- c: yellow margin
Body elongate, oval; snout pointed, slopes at about 45°; adult without horn; teeth small, conical, with tips slightly depressed, smooth or with slight denticulations 2 pairs of large, forward pointing cutting keels on plates on narrow tail base; pelvics I, 3; tail concave, males with long filaments from top and bottom; dorsal VI, 27-30; anal II, 28-30; pectoral 16-17 rays.
Grey brown body and head; lips orange; snout, between eyes and behind mouth black, with yellow edging; nape yellow; dorsal black, grey and white margin; cutting plates on tail base in 2 orange spots; tail black, thin yellow margin; anal orange, thin black and white marginal lines; pelvics yellowish; pectoral dark grey.
Size: 45 cm.
Habitat: reefs and rocky shores; usually in sheltered habitats, although also on exposed outer reefs.
Depth: 0-35 m; juveniles usually 5-15 m; adults usually 5-20 m.
An Indo-Pacific species observed at Clipperton Island.
Attributes
Abundance: Common.
Cites: Not listed.
Climate Zone: Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo).
Depth Range Max: 35 m.
Depth Range Min: 0 m.
Diet: benthic macroalgae.
Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=11; Southern limit=11; Western limit=-110; Eastern limit=-110; Latitudinal range=1; Longitudinal range=1.
Egg Type: Pelagic; Pelagic larva.
Feeding Group: Herbivore.
FishBase Habitat: Reef Associated.
Global Endemism: All Pacific (West + Central + East); Indo-Pacific only (Indian + Pacific Oceans); TEP non-endemic; "Transpacific" (East + Central &/or West Pacific); All species.
Habitat: Corals; Reef associated (reef + edges-water column & soft bottom); Rocks; Reef (rock &/or coral); Reef only.
Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Inshore Only.
IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed.
Length Max: 45 cm.
Regional Endemism: Island (s) only; Island (s); Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) non-endemic; Eastern Pacific non-endemic; All species.
Residency: Vagrant.
Salinity: Marine; Marine Only.
Water Column Position: Bottom; Near Bottom; Bottom + water column;
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Names |
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Links to other sites |
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References |
- Allen , G.R. and Robertson, D.R., 1997., An Annotated Checklist of the fishes of Clipperton Atoll, Tropical Eastern Pacific., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 45:813-843.
- Bloch , M. E. and Schneider, J. G., 1801., M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae iconibus cx illustratum. Post obitum auctoris opus inchoatum absolvit, correxit, interpolavit Jo. Gottlob Schneider, Saxo. Berolini. Sumtibus Austoris Impressum et Bibliopolio Sanderiano Commissum., Systema Ichthyol., :1-584.
- Robertson , D.R. and Allen, G.A., 1996., Zoogeography of the shorefish fauna of Clipperton Atoll., Coral Reefs, 15:121-131.
- Smith , M. M. and Heemstra, P., 1986., Smith's Sea Fishes. Johannesburg: Macmillan South Africa. 1047 pp., Macmillan South Africa:1047pp.
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Acknowledgements |
I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.
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&pull 20q v5.145 20180528: Error 301 Moved Permanently http://taibnet.sinica.edu.tw/eng/taibnet_species_detail.php?gen=Naso&spe=lituratus |
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http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Naso&speciesname=lituratus ---> http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Naso&speciesname=lituratus http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Naso&speciesname=lituratus ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Naso&speciesname=lituratus https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Naso&speciesname=lituratus ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/summary/Naso-lituratus.html
Naso lituratus, Orangespine unicornfish : fisheries, aquarium
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Naso lituratus
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Teleostei (teleosts) >
Acanthuriformes
(Surgeonfishes) >
Acanthuridae
(Surgeonfishes, tangs, unicornfishes) > Nasinae
Etymology:
Naso:
Latin, nasus = nose (Ref.
45335
)
.
More on author:
Forster
.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; reef-associated; depth range 0 - 90 m (Ref.
9710
), usually 5 - 30 m (Ref.
37792
). Tropical; 35°N - 30°S, 105°E - 130°W
East Indian Ocean from Christmas Pacific Ocean: Honshu, Japan south to the Great Barrier Reef and New Caledonia and east to the Hawaiian Islands, French Polynesia, and Pitcairn. Eastern Pacific: Clipperton Island. Once regarded a wide-ranging Indo-Pacific species, the Indian Ocean population is now recognized as a separate species,
Naso elegans
.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
 
?
  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 46.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref.
37792
); max. published weight: 2.3 kg (Ref.
125599
)
Dorsal
spines
(total): 6;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 26-29;
Anal
spines
: 2;
Anal
soft rays
: 27 - 30. This species is distinguished by the following characters: D VI (rarely V or VII),26-29(modally 27); A II,27-30 (rarely 27 or 30); pectoral rays usually 17; body depths of adults 2.6-3.0 in SL; head dorsal profile sloping and smoothly convex (forehead no horn nor protuberances); two large peduncular plates, the keels with forward-projecting points in adults; caudal fin emaginate in young and truncate in adults; body brown to bluish gray, ventral half yellowish gray to yellow, the demarcation along middle of side often abrupt and irregular; edge of opercle and preopercle usually with a dark brown band; margin of lower lip broadly white with upper surface of tongue black in adults; gill rakers are blackish basally; blue caudal fin with a broad, brownish yellow, posterior border which narrows toward corners of fin; it is capable of changing overall into light grayish blue, as when at a cleaning station; when in courtship the males quickly display a broad, bluish white zone on the nape and anterior part of the body , followed by narrow bars of the same color that extend onto lower side (Ref.
54980
).
Found in areas of coral, rock, or rubble of lagoon and seaward reefs, Ref. 48637. Benthopelagic (Ref.
58302
). Adults usually in small groups. Juveniles in shallow rocky reefs, sometimes in small aggregations mixed with other acanthurids of similar size (Ref.
48637
). Feed mainly on leafy brown algae (
Sargassum
and
Dictyota
). Sometimes in large aggregations (Ref.
37792
). Very seldom poisonous (Ref.
4795
). Pair-spawning has been observed.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity
|
Reproduction
|
Spawning
|
Eggs
|
Fecundity
|
Larvae
Probably spawn in pairs (Ref.
240
).
Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene
, 1990. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref.
2334
)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref.
130435
)
Least Concern (LC)
; Date assessed:
06 May 2010
CITES
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Venomous (Ref.
4716
)
Human uses
Fisheries: minor commercial; aquarium: commercial
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Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 24.5 - 28.9, mean 27.7 °C (based on 734 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02512 (0.01372 - 0.04599), b=2.97 (2.80 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 2.3 ±0.19 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 3.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.3).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Low to moderate vulnerability (34 of 100).
Price category (Ref.
80766
):
Medium
.
Nutrients (Ref.
124155
): Calcium = 39.2 [20.9, 64.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.548 [0.291, 0.982] mg/100g; Protein = 18.3 [17.0, 19.5] %; Omega3 = 0.107 [0.068, 0.183] g/100g; Selenium = 42.6 [22.1, 79.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 35.3 [8.6, 134.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.18 [0.78, 1.74] mg/100g (wet weight);
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