http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Oncorhynchus&speciesname=tshawytscha ---> http://193.10.57.58/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Oncorhynchus&speciesname=tshawytscha
http://193.10.57.58/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Oncorhynchus&speciesname=tshawytscha ---> http://193.10.57.58/summary/Oncorhynchus-tshawytscha.html
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, Chinook salmon : fisheries, aquaculture, gamefish, aquarium
This page is sponsored by
Mundus Maris
Common name (e.g. trout)
Genus + Species (e.g. Gadus morhua)
-
-
About this page
-
Languages
-
User feedbacks
-
Citation
-
Uploads
-
Related species
-
Chinook salmon
Add your observation in
Fish Watcher
Upload your
photos
and
videos
Pictures
|
Videos |
Google image
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
Male picture by
McDowall, R.M.
Teleostei (teleosts) >
Salmoniformes
(Salmons) >
Salmonidae
(Salmonids) > Salmoninae
Etymology:
Oncorhynchus:
Greek, onyx, -ychos = nail + Greek, rhyngchos = snout (Ref.
45335
)
;
tshawytscha:
tshawytscha
which is the vernacular name of this species in Kamchatka (Ref.
1998
)
.
More on author:
Walbaum
.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; freshwater; brackish; benthopelagic; anadromous (Ref.
51243
); depth range 0 - 375 m (Ref.
58426
). Temperate; 0°C - 25°C (Ref.
35682
); 71°N - 27°N, 136°E - 112°W (Ref.
54251
)
Arctic, Northwest to Northeast Pacific: drainages from Point Hope, Alaska to San Joanquin and King rivers in California, USA (Ref.
86798
). Also in Honshu, Japan (Ref.
6793
), Sea of Japan (Ref.
1998
), Bering Sea (Ref.
2850
) and Sea of Okhotsk (Ref.
1998
). Found in Coppermine River in the Arctic. Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
82.2
range ? - ? cm
Max length : 150 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
40637
); common length : 70.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
9258
); max. published weight: 61.4 kg (Ref.
27547
); max. reported age: 9 years (Ref.
12193
)
Dorsal
spines
(total): 0;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 10-14;
Anal
spines
: 0;
Anal
soft rays
: 13 - 19;
Vertebrae
: 67 - 75. Distinguished by the small black spots on the back and on the upper and lower lobes of the caudal fin, and the black gums of the lower jaw (Ref.
27547
). Body fusiform, streamlined, noticeably laterally compressed in large adults, somewhat deeper than other species (Ref.
6885
). Gill rakers wide-spaced and rough; pelvic fins with axillary process (Ref.
27547
). Fish in the sea are dark greenish to blue black on top of head and back, silvery to white on the lower sides and belly; numerous small, dark spots along back and upper sides and on both lobes of caudal; gum line of lower jaw black (Ref.
27547
). In fresh water, with the approach of the breeding condition, the fish change to olive brown, red or purplish, the color change being more marked in males than in females (Ref.
27547
).
Adults return to natal streams from the sea to spawn (Ref.
27547
). Fry may migrate to the sea after only 3 months in fresh water, some may stay for as long as 3 years, but generally most stay a year in the stream before migrating (Ref.
27547
). Some individuals remain close inshore throughout their lives, but some make extensive migrations (Ref.
27547
,
44894
). Also found in lakes (Ref.
1998
). Possibly up to 375 m depth (Ref.
6793
). Epipelagic (Ref.
58426
). Food in streams is mainly terrestrial insects and small crustaceans; in the sea, major food items include fishes, crustaceans, and other invertebrates (Ref.
27547
). Young are preyed upon by fishes and birds (such as mergansers and kingfishers); adults are prey of large mammals and large birds (Ref.
1998
). Highly regarded game fish (Ref.
27547
). Flesh is usually red, but some are white; the red meat commands a higher price (Ref.
27547
). Marketed fresh, smoked, frozen, and canned. Eaten steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved, and baked (Ref.
9988
). Viscera said to contain high vitamin A content and used successfully as food for hatchery fish (Ref.
28971
,
28977
).
Adults migrate up to 4,827 km upstream to spawn (Ref.
6850
). Migration from the sea begins in December so that the the first fish are near river mouths by spring (Ref.
27547
). Once a female selects a spot, she begins to dig a nest, driving away other females during the period of nest building. The female is attended by a larger, dominant male and several smaller males who drive away other males. While the female digs the nest, the male courts her by coming to rest beside her and quivering; by swimming about over her, touching her dorsal fin with his body and fins; and occasionally nudging her side gently with his snout (Ref.
28978
). Upon completion of the nest, the female drops into it and is immediately joined by the dominant male. The fish open their mouths, vibrate, and eggs and sperm are released. At this point smaller males may dart into the nest and release sperm. The female then quickly moves to the upstrem edge of the nest and begins to dig. The eggs are covered and a new nest is made. The whole process is repeated until the female releases all her eggs, which may take several days. The male then leaves the female and may mate with another female. The female guards the nest for as long as she can. Spent adults usually die a few days after spawning. (Ref.
1998
,
27547
). Reproductive strategy: synchronous ovarian organization, determinate fecundity (Ref.
51846
).
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr
, 2011. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref.
86798
)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref.
130435
)
Not Evaluated
CITES
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Potential pest (Ref.
12257
)
Human uses
Fisheries: highly commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes; aquarium: public aquariums
FAO - Aquaculture:
production
; Fisheries:
landings
,
species profile
; Publication:
search
|
FishSource
|
Sea Around Us
More information
Countries
FAO areas
Ecosystems
Occurrences
Introductions
Stocks
Ecology
Diet
Food items
Food consumption
Ration
Common names
Synonyms
Metabolism
Predators
Ecotoxicology
Reproduction
Maturity
Spawning
Spawning aggregation
Fecundity
Eggs
Egg development
Age/Size
Growth
Length-weight
Length-length
Length-frequencies
Morphometrics
Morphology
Larvae
Larval dynamics
Recruitment
Abundance
BRUVS
References
Aquaculture
Aquaculture profile
Strains
Genetics
Electrophoreses
Heritability
Diseases
Processing
Nutrients
Mass conversion
Collaborators
Pictures
Stamps, Coins Misc.
Sounds
Ciguatera
Speed
Swim. type
Gill area
Otoliths
Brains
Vision
Tools
Bio-Quiz
|
E-book
|
Field guide
|
Identification keys
|
Length-frequency wizard
|
Life-history tool
|
Point map
|
Classification Tree
|
Catch-MSY
|
Special reports
Check for Aquarium maintenance
|
Check for Species Fact Sheets
|
Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets
Download XML
Summary page
|
Point data
|
Common names
|
Photos
Internet sources
AFORO (otoliths)
|
Alien/Invasive Species database
|
Aquatic Commons
|
BHL
|
Cloffa
|
BOLDSystems
|
Websites from users
|
Check FishWatcher
|
CISTI
|
Catalog of Fishes
:
genus
,
species
|
DiscoverLife
|
ECOTOX
| FAO - Aquaculture:
production
; Fisheries:
landings
,
species profile
; Publication:
search
|
Faunafri
| Fishipedia |
Fishtrace
| GenBank:
genome
,
nucleotide
|
GloBI
|
Google Books
|
Google Scholar
|
Google
|
IGFA World Record
|
MitoFish
|
National databases
|
OceanAdapt
|
Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes
|
Public aquariums
|
PubMed
| Reef Life Survey |
RFE Identification
| Socotra Atlas |
Tree of Life
| Wikipedia:
Go
,
Search
|
World Records Freshwater Fishing
|
Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 0.7 - 8, mean 3.5 °C (based on 561 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00482 - 0.02276), b=3.04 (2.87 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 4.4 ±0.7 se; based on diet studies.
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (tm=4; tmax=9; Fec=4,000).
Prior r = 0.38, 95% CL = 0.25 - 0.57, Based on 4 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649
): Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).
Price category (Ref.
80766
):
Very high
.
Nutrients (Ref.
124155
): Calcium = 18.6 [7.8, 45.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.749 [0.406, 1.458] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [18, 20] %; Omega3 = 1 [0, 2] g/100g; Selenium = 261 [84, 762] μg/100g; VitaminA = 14.3 [4.2, 51.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.467 [0.323, 0.915] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
Back to Search
Random Species
Back to Top
Accessed through:
Not available
FishBase mirror site :
localhost
Page last modified by :
mrius-barile
- 20 July 2016
Fatal error
: Uncaught ArgumentCountError: Too few arguments to function checkEcotox(), 1 passed in /var/www/html/summary/speciessummary.php on line 2304 and exactly 3 expected in /var/www/html/includes/speciessummary.lib.php:2579 Stack trace: #0 /var/www/html/summary/speciessummary.php(2304): checkEcotox() #1 {main} thrown in
/var/www/html/includes/speciessummary.lib.php
on line
2579
|
