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Paralichthys adspersus (Steindachner, 1867)
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Paralichthys adspersus
© Copyright Photographer/SFTEP, 2002 · 0
Paralichthys adspersus

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Overview
Main identification features
  • teeth = large canines
  • gill rakers 21-26
  • pectoral and pelvic - rows of dark dots
  • eye side scales rough
Eyes on left side; body height ~45% of standard length; head length ~30% of standard length; mouth large, 44% head length, ends under rear of lower eye; teeth are large canines, especially at front of mouth; 21-26 rakers on 1st gill arch; lateral line extending onto head, with branches to upper eye and below lower eye, strongly arched over pectoral fin; bases of pelvics symmetric; urinary papilla on eye side, immediately behind level of anus; eye-side pectoral rounded, 51% of head length; 65-75 dorsal rays; 54-59 anal rays; tail blunt point; 95-112 lateral line scales; eye-side scales rough, with accessory scales, blind side scales smooth.

Eye side brown to grey, with or without pale and dark spots and blotches, fins lighter than body, unpaired ones marked like body, pectoral and pelvic with small dark spots, often in rows on pectoral.

Size: 70 cm.

Habitat: sandy bottoms.

Depth: 1-35 m.

Ecuador to Chile.


Attributes
Abundance: Common.
Cites: Not listed.
Climate Zone: Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo); South Temperate (Peruvian Province ).
Depth Range Max: 35 m.
Depth Range Min: 1 m.
Diet: mobile benthic worms; bony fishes; mobile benthic crustacea (shrimps/crabs); octopus/squid/cuttlefish.
Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=-1; Southern limit=-39; Western limit=-82; Eastern limit=-70; Latitudinal range=38; Longitudinal range=12.
Egg Type: Pelagic; Pelagic larva.
Feeding Group: Carnivore.
FishBase Habitat: Demersal.
Global Endemism: TEP non-endemic; East Pacific endemic; All species.
Habitat: Soft bottom (mud, sand,gravel, beach, estuary & mangrove); Soft bottom only; Sand & gravel.
Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Inshore Only.
IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed.
Length Max: 70 cm.
Regional Endemism: Continent only; Continent; Temperate Eastern Pacific, primarily; Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) non-endemic; Peruvian province, primarily; All species.
Residency: Vagrant.
Salinity: Marine; Marine Only.
Water Column Position: Bottom; Bottom only;


Names
Scientific source:

Links to other sites

References
  • Abbott, J.F., 1899., The marine fishes of Peru., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 51:324-364.
  • Béarez, P., 1996., Lista de los Peces Marinos del Ecuador Continental., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 44:731-741.
  • Fischer , W. , Krup , F. , Schneider , W. , Sommer , C. , Carpenter , K. E. and Niem, V. H., 1995., Guia FAO para la Identificacion de Especies de para los fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. Volumen III. Vertebrados - Parte 2., FAO3:1201-1813.
  • Hildebrand, S.F., 1946., A descriptive catalog of the shore fishes of Peru., Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 189:1-530.
  • Jimenez-Prado, P., Béarez, P., 2004., Peces marinos del Ecuador continental / Marine fishes of continental Ecuador., SIMBIOE/NAZCA/IFEA tomo 1 y 2.
  • Jordan , D.S. and Bollman, C.H., 1890., Descriptions of new species of fishes collected at the Galapagos Islands and along the coast of the United States of Colombia, 1887-88, by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer 'Albatross'., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 12:149-183.
  • Jordan , D.S. and Evermann, B.W., 1898., The fishes of North and Middle America: a descriptive catalogue of the species of fish-like vertebrates found in the waters of North America, north of the Isthmus of Panama. Part III., Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 47:2183-3136.
  • Jordan , D.S. and Gilbert, C.H., 1883., Catalogue of the fishes collected by Mr. John Xantus at Cape San Lucas, which are now in the United States National Museum, with descriptions of eight new species., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5(1882):353-371.
  • Jordan, D.S., 1895., The fishes of Sinaloa., Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 2), 5:377-514.
  • Rubio, E.A., 1988., Estudio taxonomico de la ictiofauna acompañante del camaron en areas costeras del Pacifico de Colombia., Memorias del VI Seminario Nacional de las Ciencias del Mar. Comisión Colombiana de Oceanografía. Bogota, Colombia., :169-183.
  • Starks, E. C., 1906., On a Collection of fishes made by P. O. Simons in Ecuador and Peru., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 30:761-800.
  • Steindachner, F., 1867., Ichthyologische Notizen (5. Folge)., Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 4:119-120.

Acknowledgements

I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.


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