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Phaenomonas pinnata Myers and Wade, 1941
ELASTIC EEL
Shortfin snake-eel

Life   Vertebrata   Fish   Ophichthidae   Phaenomonas

Phaenomonas pinnata
© Copyright Ross Robertson, 2006 · 12
Phaenomonas pinnata

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Phaenomonas pinnata
© Copyright Photographer/SFTEP, 2002 · 0
Phaenomonas pinnata
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Overview
Main identification features Short-fin snake eel, Elastic snake-eel

Very elongate, cylindrical; head compressed; snout blunt, overhanging mouth, grooved below; eye very small; anterior nostril tubular, pointing down; posterior nostril a round pore covered by a skin flap, under edge of top lip, inside mouth; all teeth in single rows, small, pointed, close together, ~5 teeth on vomer; pectorals absent; only fin is a short dorsal originating just behind eye and ending less than a head length behind gill opening; tip of tail finless, a blunt conical point; tail ~30% of total length.

Body reddish; front part of head translucent; tail yellowish.

Size: 54 cm.

Habitat: burrows in mud and sand bottoms.

Depth: 1-50 m.

Lower 2/3 of the Gulf of California to Colombia, and Clipperton and the Galapagos.


Attributes
Abundance: Common.
Cites: Not listed.
Climate Zone: Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap); Northern Tropical (Mexican Province to Nicaragua + Revillagigedos); Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo).
Depth Range Max: 50 m.
Depth Range Min: 1 m.
Diet: mobile benthic crustacea (shrimps/crabs); bony fishes.
Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=29; Southern limit=-2; Western limit=-112; Eastern limit=-78; Latitudinal range=31; Longitudinal range=34.
Egg Type: Pelagic; Pelagic larva.
Feeding Group: Carnivore.
FishBase Habitat: Demersal.
Global Endemism: Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) endemic; East Pacific endemic; All species.
Habitat: Reef associated (reef + edges-water column & soft bottom); Soft bottom (mud, sand,gravel, beach, estuary & mangrove); Soft bottom only; Sand & gravel.
Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Inshore Only.
IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed.
Length Max: 54 cm.
Regional Endemism: Island (s); Continent; Continent + Island (s); TEP endemic; All species.
Residency: Resident.
Salinity: Marine; Marine Only.
Water Column Position: Bottom; Bottom only;


Names
Scientific source:

Links to other sites

References
  • Allen , G.R. and Robertson, D.R., 1997., An Annotated Checklist of the fishes of Clipperton Atoll, Tropical Eastern Pacific., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 45:813-843.
  • Findley, L.T., Hendrickx, M.E., Brusca, R.C., van der Heiden, A.M., Hastings, P.A., Torre, J., 2003., Diversidad de la Macrofauna Marina del Golfo de California, Mexico., CD-ROM versión 1.0. Projecto de la Macrofauna del Golfo .  Derechos reservados de los autores y Conservación Internacional.
  • Lopez , M. I. and Bussing, W. A., 1982., Lista provisional de los peces marinos de la Costa Rica., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 30(1):5-26.
  • Love, M.S., Mecklenburg, C.W., Mecklenburg, T.A., Thorsteinson, L.K., 2005., es of the West Coast and Alaska: a checklist of North Pacific and Artic Ocena species from Baja California to the Alaska-Yukon border., U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, 288pp.
  • McCosker, J.E., 1975., The eel genus Phaenomonas (Pisces, Ophichthidae)., Pac. Sci., 29:361-363.
  • Myers , G.S. and Wade, C.B., 1941., Four new genera and ten new species of eels from the Pacific coast of tropical America., Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 9(4):65-111.
  • Robertson , D.R. and Allen, G.A., 1996., Zoogeography of the shorefish fauna of Clipperton Atoll., Coral Reefs, 15:121-131.
  • Villareal-Cavazos, A., Reyes-Bonilla, H., Bermúdez-Almada, B. and Arizpe-Covarrubias, O., 2000., Los peces del arrecife de Cabo Pulmo, Golfo de California, México: Lista sistemática y aspectos de abundancia y biogeografía., Rev. Biol. Trop., 48:413-424.

Acknowledgements

I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.


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Phaenomonas pinnata, Elastic eel
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Phaenomonas pinnata Myers & Wade , 1941

Elastic eel Add your observation in Fish Watcher
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Phaenomonas pinnata   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Pictures | Google image Image of Phaenomonas pinnata (Elastic eel) Phaenomonas pinnata
Picture by Robertson, R.

Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes( genus , species ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei (teleosts) > Anguilliformes (Eels and morays) > Ophichthidae (Snake eels) > Ophichthinae
Etymology: Phaenomonas: Greek, phaino = to shine + Greek, monas = alone .
More on authors: Myers & Wade .

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; demersal; depth range 1 - 50 m (Ref. 96339 ). Tropical; 27°N - 1°S

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Eastern Pacific: ranges from Gulf of California to Colombia, including the Galapagos Islands.

Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L m   ?   range ? - ? cm
Max length : 53.5 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9328 )

Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic)

Inhabits sandy bottoms, between 1 and 35 m.

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator : McCosker, John E. | Collaborators

McCosker, J.E. and R.H. Rosenblatt , 1995. Ophichthidae. Tiesos, serpentones. p. 1326-1341. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9328 )

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435 )

  Least Concern (LC)  ; Date assessed: 23 May 2007

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361 )

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless





Human uses

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes : genus , species | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genome , nucleotide | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go , Search | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoobank | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201 ): 23.2 - 28.4, mean 26.2 °C (based on 32 cells). Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804 ):  PD 50 = 0.6250   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00089 (0.00039 - 0.00204), b=3.00 (2.80 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245 ). Trophic level (Ref. 69278 ):  3.8   ±0.6 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives Resilience (Ref. 120179 ):  Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.). Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153 ):  Moderate vulnerability (41 of 100).

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Updated: 2024-04-24 22:09:28 gmt
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