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Psenes sio Haedrich, 1970
TWOSPINE DRIFTFISH
Two-spine drift-fish

Life   Vertebrata   Fish   Nomeidae   Psenes

Psenes sio
© Copyright Ross Robertson, 2006 · 12
Psenes sio

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Overview
Main identification features
  • elongate; not soft body
  • 2nd dorsal fin : 23-25; anal fin has 23-24 rays
  • top and bottom teeth different
  • pectoral: blunt point
  • brown + 3 bars; mouth yellow, opercle black
Two-spine driftish

Adult elongate, compressed (juvenile deeper bodied); body not soft and flabby; fatty ring around moderate eye; operculum thin, with 2 short spines; mouth small, at front; jaw teeth small, conical, 1 row, adult lower jaw with knife-like teeth; 2 dorsal fins, rays XI-XII + I, 23-25; can fold into groove; 1st dorsal origin over or before pectoral base; anal II, 23-24; pectoral bluntly pointed (long in juvenile), 16-18 rays, lengthens with age; tail forked, tips rounded; pelvic inserted under or before pectoral, fins long in juvenile; lateral line high along back; branched mucous canal along length of flank; scales very small; bases of dorsal and anal with scaly sheath; scales extend forward onto nape as tongue-shaped patch reaching between eyes.

(Preserved juvenile) light brown, with 3 indistinct dark bars; 1st dorsal dark, other fins whitish; inside mouth yellow; iris grey; inside operculum black.

Size: 28 cm.

Habitat: oceanic.

Depth: 0-500 m.

Southern Baja and the mouth of the Gulf of California to Peru, and the Galapagos.


Attributes
Abundance: Common.
Cites: Not listed.
Climate Zone: Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap); Northern Tropical (Mexican Province to Nicaragua + Revillagigedos); Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo); South Temperate (Peruvian Province ).
Depth Range Max: 500 m.
Depth Range Min: 0 m.
Diet: zooplankton; bony fishes; pelagic jellyfish/ctenophores; pelagic fish eggs.
Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=25; Southern limit=-15; Western limit=-112; Eastern limit=-73; Latitudinal range=40; Longitudinal range=39.
Egg Type: Pelagic; Pelagic larva.
Feeding Group: Carnivore; Planktivore.
FishBase Habitat: Bentho-Pelagic.
Global Endemism: Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) endemic; East Pacific endemic; All species.
Habitat: Water column.
Inshore Offshore: Offshore; Offshore Only.
IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed.
Length Max: 28 cm.
Regional Endemism: Island (s); Continent; Continent + Island (s); TEP endemic; All species.
Residency: Resident.
Salinity: Marine; Marine Only.
Water Column Position: Mid Water; Near Surface; Surface; Water column only;


Names
Scientific source:

Links to other sites

References
  • Ahlstrom , E. H. , Butler , J. L..and Sumida, B. Y., 1976., Pelagic stromateoid fishes (Pisces, Perciformes) of the eastern Pacific: Kinds, distributions and early life histories and observations on five of these from the northwest Atlantic., Bull. Mar. Sci., 26:285-402.
  • Béarez, P., 1996., Lista de los Peces Marinos del Ecuador Continental., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 44:731-741.
  • Chirichigno, N., 1978., Nuevas adiciones a la ictiofauna marina del Peru., Instituto del Mar del Peru, Informe., 46:1-109.
  • Fischer , W. , Krup , F. , Schneider , W. , Sommer , C. , Carpenter , K. E. and Niem, V. H., 1995., Guia FAO para la Identificacion de Especies de para los fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. Volumen III. Vertebrados - Parte 2., FAO3:1201-1813.
  • Galván-Magaña, F., Abitia-Cárdenas, L.A., Rodríguez-Romero, J., Pérez-España, H., Chávez-Ramos, H., 1996., Systematics list of the fishes from Cerralvo island, Baja California Sur, Mexico., Ciencias Marinas, 22:295-311.
  • Grove , J.S. and Lavenberg, R. J., 1997., The fishes of the Galápagos islands., Stanford University Press:863 pp.
  • Haedrich, R.L., 1970., A new species in the nomeid fish genus Psenes from the equatorial eastern Pacific., Breviora, 351:1-7.
  • Jimenez-Prado, P., Béarez, P., 2004., Peces marinos del Ecuador continental / Marine fishes of continental Ecuador., SIMBIOE/NAZCA/IFEA tomo 1 y 2.
  • Lopez , M. I. and Bussing, W. A., 1982., Lista provisional de los peces marinos de la Costa Rica., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 30(1):5-26.
  • Love, M.S., Mecklenburg, C.W., Mecklenburg, T.A., Thorsteinson, L.K., 2005., es of the West Coast and Alaska: a checklist of North Pacific and Artic Ocena species from Baja California to the Alaska-Yukon border., U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, 288pp.

Acknowledgements

I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.


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