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Symphurus callopterus Munroe and Mahadeva, 1989
CHOCOLATE TONGUEFISH
Feather tonguefish

Life   Vertebrata   Fish   Cynoglossidae   Symphurus

Symphurus callopterus
© Copyright Ross Robertson, 2006 · 12
Symphurus callopterus

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Symphurus callopterus
© Copyright Photographer/SFTEP, 2002 · 0
Symphurus callopterus
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Overview
Main identification features
  • body: ~ 9-11diffuse bars
  • dorsal fin and anal fin has 10-19 rays black blotches, rear ones darker
  • c: black or 2 black blotches
  • operculum: dark blotch
  • anal fin has 91-98 rays
Body elongate, pointed at tail end, highly compressed; head a little wider than long; eyes small, close together, on left side, with covers over pupils; snout rounded; mouth small, arched (strongly on blind side), at front or a little under snout; preopercle covered with skin; dorsal origin ~above upper eye; 105-114 dorsal rays; 91-98 anal rays; 12 tail rays; no pectoral; only left pelvic present, separate from anal; dorsal and anal fused to tail; scales rough, on both sides; no lateral line; 104-113 lateral scales.

Top side dark brown, 9-11 indistinct dark cross bars; dark blotch on lower 1/2 operculum; rear of dorsal fin and all of anal with 10-19 rectangular black blotches alternating with clear areas; tail black or with black blotches; blind side cream.

Size: 16.2 cm.

Habitat: sand and mud bottoms.

Depth: 20-320 m.

Southern Baja and the mouth of the Gulf of California to northern Peru.


Attributes
Abundance: Common.
Cites: Not listed.
Climate Zone: Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap); Northern Tropical (Mexican Province to Nicaragua + Revillagigedos); Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo).
Depth Range Max: 320 m.
Depth Range Min: 20 m.
Diet: mobile benthic gastropods/bivalves; mobile benthic worms; mobile benthic crustacea (shrimps/crabs).
Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=25; Southern limit=-5; Western limit=-112; Eastern limit=-78; Latitudinal range=30; Longitudinal range=34.
Egg Type: Pelagic; Pelagic larva.
Feeding Group: Carnivore.
FishBase Habitat: Demersal.
Global Endemism: Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) endemic; East Pacific endemic; All species.
Habitat: Mud; Soft bottom (mud, sand,gravel, beach, estuary & mangrove); Soft bottom only; Sand & gravel.
Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Inshore Only.
IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed.
Length Max: 16.2 cm.
Regional Endemism: Continent only; Continent; TEP endemic; Continental TEP endemic; 3 provinces (Cortez + Mexican + Panamic) endemic; All species.
Residency: Resident.
Salinity: Marine; Marine Only.
Water Column Position: Bottom; Bottom only;


Names
Scientific source:

Links to other sites

References
  • Béarez, P., 1996., Lista de los Peces Marinos del Ecuador Continental., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 44:731-741.
  • Findley, L.T., Hendrickx, M.E., Brusca, R.C., van der Heiden, A.M., Hastings, P.A., Torre, J., 2003., Diversidad de la Macrofauna Marina del Golfo de California, Mexico., CD-ROM versión 1.0. Projecto de la Macrofauna del Golfo .  Derechos reservados de los autores y Conservación Internacional.
  • Fischer , W. , Krup , F. , Schneider , W. , Sommer , C. , Carpenter , K. E. and Niem, V. H., 1995., Guia FAO para la Identificacion de Especies de para los fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. Volumen II. Vertebrados - Parte 1., FAO2:647-1200.
  • González Navarro , E. and Saldierna Martínez, R., 1997., Zooplancton de la Bahía de La Paz, B.C.S. (1990-1991). En Urbán Ramírez, J. y M. Ramírez Rodríguez (Eds.). La Bahía de La Paz investigación y conservación., Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur:43-58.
  • Jimenez-Prado, P., Béarez, P., 2004., Peces marinos del Ecuador continental / Marine fishes of continental Ecuador., SIMBIOE/NAZCA/IFEA tomo 1 y 2.
  • Love, M.S., Mecklenburg, C.W., Mecklenburg, T.A., Thorsteinson, L.K., 2005., es of the West Coast and Alaska: a checklist of North Pacific and Artic Ocena species from Baja California to the Alaska-Yukon border., U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, 288pp.
  • Munroe , T. A. and Mahadeva, M. N., 1989., Symphurus callopterus (Cynoglossidae, Pleuronectiformes), a new deepwater tonguefish from the Eastern Pacific., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 102:458-467.

Acknowledgements

I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.


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