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Syngnathus acus, Greater pipefish : aquarium
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Syngnathus acus
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Teleostei (teleosts) >
Syngnathiformes
(Pipefishes and seahorses) >
Syngnathidae
(Pipefishes and seahorses) > Syngnathinae
Etymology:
Syngnathus:
Greek, syn, symphysis = grown together + Greek, gnathos = jaw (Ref.
45335
)
.
More on author:
Linnaeus
.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; brackish; demersal; non-migratory (Ref.
88171
); depth range 0 - 110 m (Ref.
4281
), usually 3 - 15 m (Ref.
126547
). Subtropical; 71°N - 35°S, 19°W - 42°E
Eastern Atlantic: Norway, Faroes and British Isles to Western Sahara, Senegambia, and from Namibia to Cape of Good Hope and northward to the coast of Zululand in the western Indian Ocean (Ref.
4127
). Also throughout the Mediterranean, Aegean and Black seas. Despite literature records, occurrence in the Indo-Pacific outside South African waters lacks conclusive evidence (Ref.
4281
).
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
16.3
, range 7 - 25.6 cm
Max length : 50.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
35388
)
Short description
Morphology
|
Morphometrics
Dorsal
spines
(total): 0;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 33-42;
Anal
spines
: 0;
Anal
soft rays
: 3. Light greenish to dark brown in color with variable markings (Ref.
4281
). Snout cylindrical, equal to or less than eye diameter. With 18 - 19 body rings between head and dorsal fin (Ref.
35388
). The snake pipefish (
Entelurus aequoreus
) is distinguished by the lack of pectoral and anal fins (Ref.
88171
). An elongated bump on top of head behind eye (Ref.
59043
).
Found in coastal and estuarine waters to depths of at least 110 m (Ref.
4281
); on sand, mud and rough bottoms. Common amongst algae and eel-grass (
Zostera
) (Refs. 4146, 6733, 88187). Feeds mainly on small crustaceans (Ref.
85544
). It is parasitised by the monogenean
Gyrodactylus eyipayipi
on the body surface, inside the flute and male brood pouch (Ref.
124059
).
Ovoviviparous; reproducing on average 3 times each year (Ref.
89328
). Several females depositing partial clutches to a male’s brood pouch under the tail (Refs. 205,
31201
). Up to 400 eggs may be found in a single pouch (Ref.
89329
). Brooding males occur mainly between May and July (Refs.
31201
, 58137). During the breeding season, both males and females were observed to remain low amongst the seagrass in one meadow (Ref.
31201
). Gestation period lasts about 5 weeks and size at birth is 1.7- 3.5 cm (Refs. 58137, 88187, 89330). Aquarium experiments have shown that new born young are benthic, remaining close to the bottom Ref. 89330).
Dawson, C.E.
, 1986. Syngnathidae. p. 628-639. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Volume 2. Unesco, Paris. (Ref.
6733
)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref.
130435
)
Least Concern (LC)
; Date assessed:
07 May 2013
CITES
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: of no interest; aquarium: commercial
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 10.3 - 22.6, mean 17.7 °C (based on 934 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00025 (0.00019 - 0.00032), b=3.21 (3.16 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 3.3 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Fec=200).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155
): Calcium = 54.6 [12.4, 151.7] mg/100g; Iron = 1.02 [0.39, 3.52] mg/100g; Protein = 3.7 [0.1, 7.5] %; Omega3 = 0.286 [0.130, 0.629] g/100g; Selenium = 22.8 [5.1, 60.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.35 [4.02, 21.44] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.838 [0.431, 1.605] mg/100g (wet weight);
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