Smithsonian Institution, Entomology Department · 9
Tetraloniella eriocarpi, female, face |
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Smithsonian Institution, Entomology Department · 9
Tetraloniella eriocarpi, female, side |
Smithsonian Institution, Entomology Department · 9
Tetraloniella eriocarpi, female, top |
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Smithsonian Institution, Entomology Department · 9
Tetraloniella eriocarpi, female, wing |
© Copyright John Ascher, 2006-2014
· 6
Tetraloniella eriocarpi, long-horned bee |
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© Copyright John Ascher, 2006-2014
· 6
Tetraloniella eriocarpi, long-horned bee |
© Copyright John Ascher, 2006-2014
· 6
Tetraloniella eriocarpi, long-horned bee |
|
© Copyright John Ascher, 2006-2014
· 6
Tetraloniella eriocarpi, long-horned bee |
© Copyright John Ascher, 2006-2014
· 6
Tetraloniella eriocarpi, long-horned bee |
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Overview | |
Tetraloniella eriocarpi (Cockerell) Extracted from Wallace E. LaBerge. 2001. Revision of the Bees of the Genus Tetraloniella in the New World (Hymenoptera: pidae). Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 36(3);67-162
Exomalopsis eriocarpi Cockerell, 1898, Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, 2:453.
Xenoglossodes eriocarpi, Cockerell and Porter,
1899, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser., 7,
4:407; Cockerell, l903, Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist., ser. 7, 12:449; l905, Canadian Ent.,
37:335; 1906, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser.
7, 18:72; 1933, Pan-Pacific Ent., 9:159. Melissodes pimella Cockerell, 1906, Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, 17:363.
Melissodes neotomae Cockerell, l906, Trans
American Ent. Soc., 32:314; 1910,
Univ. Colorado Studies, 7:195 (new
synonymy).
Melissodes albocincta Cockerell, 1919, Ann.
Mag. Nat Hist., ser. 9, 2:119 (new synonymy).
Melissodes pimela: LaBerge, 1956, Univ.
Kansas Sci. Bul., 37:1179 (new combination).
Melissodes agilis var. parksi Cockerell,
1935, American Mus. Nov. No. 766, p. 5.
Xenoglossodes parksi: LaBerge, 1956, Univ.
Kansas Sci. Bul., 37:1179 (new combination).
Tetraloniella eriocarpi is a small species
from the American Southwest and México.
The female can be recognized by the yellow
maculae along the apical part of the clypeus
and bases of the mandibles and the white or
cream-colored clypeus as described below. In addition, the female has metasomal terga 3–6
covered with white to yellow pubescence and
hair; apical pale fasciae are not clearly evident.
Metasomal tergum 2 has a complete
apical pale band separated from the basal pale
pubescence by almost simple suberect pale
hairs. The female mesoscutum has distinct
punctures separated usually by one puncture
width posteromedially and the surface shiny.
The male of eriocarpi can be recognized by
sternum 6 having lateral teeth and the carina
leaving the apical end of each tooth proceeds
towards the midline forming a distinct concavity
facing apically. The flagellum is entirely
yellow or orange below.
FEMALE. Measurements and Ratios.-
N = 20; length, 7.5–9.0 mm; width, 2.5–3.5
mm; wing length, M = 2.02±0.113 mm; hooks
in hamulus, M = 10.00±0.218; flagellar segment
1/2, M = 1.66±0.052.
Integmental Color.- Integument piceous
except as follows: clypeus with apical band
of yellow varying from one-fourth to threefourths
of clypeus, in almost all specimens
posterior margin of this yellow band with
median pointed extension directed posteriorly
(at least 99% of females); mandible with yellow
basal macula and reddened in apical half;
labrum usually entirely white to cream-colored,
occasionally margined by black and
rarely mostly dark (only in a few specimens
mostly from México); tegulae hyaline, yellow;
terga 1–4 with apical areas all or mostly hyaline,
colorless to yellow, rarely infuscated
along basal margins; sterna mostly red with
hyaline apical areas; distitarsi red; wing membranes
hyaline, veins red to reddish brown.
Structure.- Clypeus gently curved from
side to side; oculoclypeal distance minimal,
less than half narrowest width first flagellar
segment; punctures moderately coarse,
crowded, surface moderately shiny.
Supraclypeal area with punctures as in clypeus
or slightly larger, surface shiny. Face above
antennal fossae with small deep punctures
separated by half a puncture width or more,
surface shiny. Vertex with flattened lateral area
with minute punctures separated mostly by
half to one puncture width, surface shiny.
Genal area narrow, minutely punctate, shiny.
Galea above shiny, unshagreened; maxillary
palpal segments 5, ratio about as
1.0:1.0:0.8:0.4:0.5. Flagellar segment 2
slightly shorter than broad and as long as or
slightly longer than segment 3, segments 3–9
about as long as broad or longer. Mesoscutum
with small deep punctures, posteromedially
usually separated by half to one puncture
width, more crowded peripherally, surface
shiny, unshagreened; scutellum similar.
Propodeum with dorsal surface punctate except
in narrow median area, punctures often
elongate, surface slightly dulled by fine
shagreening; posterior surface with large median
area impunctate, shiny to dull, finely
shagreened. Mesepisternum with large, round,
deep punctures separated by half a puncture
width or slightly more, surface shiny,
unshagreened. Metasomal tergum 1 with
punctures in median half separated mostly by
half to one puncture width or slightly more,
more crowded laterally and along base of apical
area, surface shagreened, moderately shiny.
Terga 2–4 with basal areas with small crowded
punctures (slightly sparser medially on tergum
2), surfaces dull to moderately shiny, finely
shagreened; apical areas with dense punctures
but less visible because of hyaline nature of
integument. Pygidial plate with apex rounded,
otherwise V-shaped. Sterna 2–5 densely punctate
except in narrow apical areas, surfaces
shiny.
Vestiture.- In general vestiture white to
ochraceous (a few females from western
México bright yellowish or even fox-red dorsally);
dorsum of thorax and vertex usually
brighter. Metasomal tergum 2 with pale basal
pubescent band separated from apical pale
band by zone of relatively simple, erect to
suberect, short hairs not hiding surface of integument;
terga 3–6 completely covered by
highly plumose pale pubescence. Sternal hairs
red to pale ochraceous. Scopal hairs highly
plumose, white to extremely pale ochraceous,
inner surfaces tarsi red to orange.
MALE. Measurements and Ratios.- N
= 20; length, 7–9 mm; width, 2–3 mm; wing
length, M = 2.12±0.109 mm; hooks in hamulus,
M = 9.25±0.123; flagellar segment 2/1,
M = 9.02±0.305.
Integumental Color.- Integument black
except as follows: clypeus, base of mandibles, and labrum entirely yellow; flagella red to reddish
brown below, yellow to orange above;
tegula hyaline, yellow to orange; wing membranes
hyaline, colorless, veins yellow to red;
tarsi and often tibiae red to orange; terga with
apical areas hyaline, colorless; sterna piceous
but apical areas hyaline, yellow to colorless.
Structure.- Head sculptured much as in
female; maxillary palpus with 5 segments in
ratio of about 1.0:0.8:0.8:0.3:0.6; antennae
long, reaching second segment of metasoma,
second flagellar segment 6 to 10 times as long
as first, segments round in cross-section, last
five to six segments moderately crenulate.
Mesoscutum with anterior third with punctures
minute, separated mostly by one to two puncture
widths or more (somewhat more densely
punctate in some specimens, especially from
western México), surface shiny, unshagreened,
thorax elsewhere as in female. Metasomal
terga sculptured much as in female, but terga
2–5 with apical areas largely impunctate. Tergum
7 with lateral arm of postgradulus carinate,
without tooth. Pygidial plate usually one
and one-half to two times as broad basally as
at apex, with weak subapical lateral notches.
Sternum 6 (Fig. 35) with lateral carina forming
strong, blunt lateral teeth, each tooth directed
somewhat downward and outward, apical
end of tooth forming a carina ending short
of midline of sternum distinctly curving from
tooth to midline forming a concavity facing
apically.
Terminalia as in Figs. 35–39. Note that
sternum 7 (Fig. 36) has each apicomedian lobe
somewhat bilobed and only a few hairs are
present on the innermost of these. Sternum 8
(Fig. 37) is distinctly indented on sides and
has sparse but distinct apical hairs The
gonocoxite (Figs. 38 and 39) is strongly elbowed
with abundant hairs on basal portion.
Vestiture.- White to pale ochraceous, uncommonly
yellow to dark ochraceous,
brighter on thoracic dorsum and vertex; tergum
1 often with apical pale pubescent band
complete or narrowly interrupted medially,
less commonly restricted to lateral fourth of
tergum; terga 2–5 with complete apical pale
bands and basal pale pubescence with intermediate
areas covered by highly plumose
suberect to appressed pubescence; tergum 2 usually and often tergum 3 with apical and
basal bands separated by a zone of relatively
simple, suberect, pale hairs; rarely intermediate
band of erect hairs present on tergum 4.
Sterna 4 and 5 with basal area hairs long, stiff,
relatively simple, often absent medially on
sternum 5; sternum 6 with little or no vestiture.
Type Material.- The female holotype of
Tetraloniella eriocarpi (USNM No. 4343) was
collected by C.H.T. Townsend in Fillmore
Canyon, Organ Mts., New Mexico (5,400 feet
elev.), September 1, 1898 from flowers of
Eriocarpum gracile. The holotype female of
albocincta (USNM No. 23,218) was collected
by C.F. Baker in México. The holotype male
of pimella (PANS No. 10,132) was taken in
Arizona. The holotype male of parksi
(AMNH) was collected in Bexar County,
Texas, May 17, 1934 by H.B. Parks. The name
albocincta was synonymized with Melissodes
opuntiella Cockerell by LaBerge (1956) but
upon additional study of the type specimen in
1993, it has become evident that the author
made an error at that time.
Distribution.- Tetraloniella eriocarpi is
known from California and Baja California
east to Texas and south to central México (Fig.
3). It was reported from Fort Hall, Idaho, but
this author has not seen the specimen and this
record seems out of range and probably a
misidentification (Cockerell, 1933, p. 159). It
has been collected from April 11 to November
20, but chiefly from July through October.
The early season (April–early June) specimens
are all from Texas or eastern México.
In addition to the type material, a total of 484
females and 543 males were examined from
localities listed below.
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Identification |
Extracted from Wallace E. LaBerge. 2001. Revision of the Bees of the Genus Tetraloniella in the New World (Hymenoptera: Apidae) (November 2001)
Tetraloniella eriocarpi is a small species
from the American Southwest and México.
The female can be recognized by the yellow
maculae along the apical part of the clypeus
and bases of the mandibles and the white or
cream-colored clypeus as described below. In addition, the female has metasomal terga 3–6
covered with white to yellow pubescence and
hair; apical pale fasciae are not clearly evident.
Metasomal tergum 2 has a complete
apical pale band separated from the basal pale
pubescence by almost simple suberect pale
hairs. The female mesoscutum has distinct
punctures separated usually by one puncture
width posteromedially and the surface shiny.
The male of eriocarpi can be recognized by
sternum 6 having lateral teeth and the carina
leaving the apical end of each tooth proceeds
towards the midline forming a distinct concavity
facing apically. The flagellum is entirely
yellow or orange below.
FEMALE. Measurements and Ratios.-
N = 20; length, 7.5–9.0 mm; width, 2.5–3.5
mm; wing length, M = 2.02±0.113 mm; hooks
in hamulus, M = 10.00±0.218; flagellar segment
1/2, M = 1.66±0.052.
Integmental Color.- Integument piceous
except as follows: clypeus with apical band
of yellow varying from one-fourth to threefourths
of clypeus, in almost all specimens
posterior margin of this yellow band with
median pointed extension directed posteriorly
(at least 99% of females); mandible with yellow
basal macula and reddened in apical half;
labrum usually entirely white to cream-colored,
occasionally margined by black and
rarely mostly dark (only in a few specimens
mostly from México); tegulae hyaline, yellow;
terga 1–4 with apical areas all or mostly hyaline,
colorless to yellow, rarely infuscated
along basal margins; sterna mostly red with
hyaline apical areas; distitarsi red; wing membranes
hyaline, veins red to reddish brown.
Structure.- Clypeus gently curved from
side to side; oculoclypeal distance minimal,
less than half narrowest width first flagellar
segment; punctures moderately coarse,
crowded, surface moderately shiny.
Supraclypeal area with punctures as in clypeus
or slightly larger, surface shiny. Face above
antennal fossae with small deep punctures
separated by half a puncture width or more,
surface shiny. Vertex with flattened lateral area
with minute punctures separated mostly by
half to one puncture width, surface shiny.
Genal area narrow, minutely punctate, shiny.
Galea above shiny, unshagreened; maxillary
palpal segments 5, ratio about as
1.0:1.0:0.8:0.4:0.5. Flagellar segment 2
slightly shorter than broad and as long as or
slightly longer than segment 3, segments 3–9
about as long as broad or longer. Mesoscutum
with small deep punctures, posteromedially
usually separated by half to one puncture
width, more crowded peripherally, surface
shiny, unshagreened; scutellum similar.
Propodeum with dorsal surface punctate except
in narrow median area, punctures often
elongate, surface slightly dulled by fine
shagreening; posterior surface with large median
area impunctate, shiny to dull, finely
shagreened. Mesepisternum with large, round,
deep punctures separated by half a puncture
width or slightly more, surface shiny,
unshagreened. Metasomal tergum 1 with
punctures in median half separated mostly by
half to one puncture width or slightly more,
more crowded laterally and along base of apical
area, surface shagreened, moderately shiny.
Terga 2–4 with basal areas with small crowded
punctures (slightly sparser medially on tergum
2), surfaces dull to moderately shiny, finely
shagreened; apical areas with dense punctures
but less visible because of hyaline nature of
integument. Pygidial plate with apex rounded,
otherwise V-shaped. Sterna 2–5 densely punctate
except in narrow apical areas, surfaces
shiny.
Vestiture.- In general vestiture white to
ochraceous (a few females from western
México bright yellowish or even fox-red dorsally);
dorsum of thorax and vertex usually
brighter. Metasomal tergum 2 with pale basal
pubescent band separated from apical pale
band by zone of relatively simple, erect to
suberect, short hairs not hiding surface of integument;
terga 3–6 completely covered by
highly plumose pale pubescence. Sternal hairs
red to pale ochraceous. Scopal hairs highly
plumose, white to extremely pale ochraceous,
inner surfaces tarsi red to orange.
MALE. Measurements and Ratios.- N
= 20; length, 7–9 mm; width, 2–3 mm; wing
length, M = 2.12±0.109 mm; hooks in hamulus,
M = 9.25±0.123; flagellar segment 2/1,
M = 9.02±0.305.
Integumental Color.- Integument black
except as follows: clypeus, base of mandibles, and labrum entirely yellow; flagella red to reddish
brown below, yellow to orange above;
tegula hyaline, yellow to orange; wing membranes
hyaline, colorless, veins yellow to red;
tarsi and often tibiae red to orange; terga with
apical areas hyaline, colorless; sterna piceous
but apical areas hyaline, yellow to colorless.
Structure.- Head sculptured much as in
female; maxillary palpus with 5 segments in
ratio of about 1.0:0.8:0.8:0.3:0.6; antennae
long, reaching second segment of metasoma,
second flagellar segment 6 to 10 times as long
as first, segments round in cross-section, last
five to six segments moderately crenulate.
Mesoscutum with anterior third with punctures
minute, separated mostly by one to two puncture
widths or more (somewhat more densely
punctate in some specimens, especially from
western México), surface shiny, unshagreened,
thorax elsewhere as in female. Metasomal
terga sculptured much as in female, but terga
2–5 with apical areas largely impunctate. Tergum
7 with lateral arm of postgradulus carinate,
without tooth. Pygidial plate usually one
and one-half to two times as broad basally as
at apex, with weak subapical lateral notches.
Sternum 6 (Fig. 35) with lateral carina forming
strong, blunt lateral teeth, each tooth directed
somewhat downward and outward, apical
end of tooth forming a carina ending short
of midline of sternum distinctly curving from
tooth to midline forming a concavity facing
apically.
Terminalia as in Figs. 35–39. Note that
sternum 7 (Fig. 36) has each apicomedian lobe
somewhat bilobed and only a few hairs are
present on the innermost of these. Sternum 8
(Fig. 37) is distinctly indented on sides and
has sparse but distinct apical hairs The
gonocoxite (Figs. 38 and 39) is strongly elbowed
with abundant hairs on basal portion.
Vestiture.- White to pale ochraceous, uncommonly
yellow to dark ochraceous,
brighter on thoracic dorsum and vertex; tergum
1 often with apical pale pubescent band
complete or narrowly interrupted medially,
less commonly restricted to lateral fourth of
tergum; terga 2–5 with complete apical pale
bands and basal pale pubescence with intermediate
areas covered by highly plumose
suberect to appressed pubescence; tergum 2
usually and often tergum 3 with apical and
basal bands separated by a zone of relatively
simple, suberect, pale hairs; rarely intermediate
band of erect hairs present on tergum 4.
Sterna 4 and 5 with basal area hairs long, stiff,
relatively simple, often absent medially on
sternum 5; sternum 6 with little or no vestiture.
Type Material.- The female holotype of
Tetraloniella eriocarpi (USNM No. 4343) was
collected by C.H.T. Townsend in Fillmore
Canyon, Organ Mts., New Mexico (5,400 feet
elev.), September 1, 1898 from flowers of
Eriocarpum gracile. The holotype female of
albocincta (USNM No. 23,218) was collected
by C.F. Baker in México. The holotype male
of pimella (PANS No. 10,132) was taken in
Arizona. The holotype male of parksi
(AMNH) was collected in Bexar County,
Texas, May 17, 1934 by H.B. Parks. The name
albocincta was synonymized with Melissodes
opuntiella Cockerell by LaBerge (1956) but
upon additional study of the type specimen in
1993, it has become evident that the author
made an error at that time.
Distribution.- Tetraloniella eriocarpi is
known from California and Baja California
east to Texas and south to central México (Fig.
3). It was reported from Fort Hall, Idaho, but
this author has not seen the specimen and this
record seems out of range and probably a
misidentification (Cockerell, 1933, p. 159). It
has been collected from April 11 to November
20, but chiefly from July through October.
The early season (April–early June) specimens
are all from Texas or eastern México.
In addition to the type material, a total of 484
females and 543 males were examined from
localities listed below.
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Names | |
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Updated: 2024-04-25 08:05:41 gmt
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